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Rabu, 06 Juni 2012

Ferrari SP12 EC

For a Ferrari enthusiast and great musician like Eric Clapton a one-off car just had to be produced. Designed by the Centro Stile Ferrari in collaboration with Pininfarina and the engineers from Maranello, the Ferrari SP12 EC was created as homage to Clapton's career and his long lasting experience as a Ferrari owner.
The world-famous guitar player has been attached to one particular Ferrari model: the 512 BB, of which he has owned three over the years. So his desire was to drive a car inspired by this model, with influences from the multi-award winning 458 Italia. Exclusively in the latest issue of the Ferrari Official Magazine Eric Clapton talks about his passion and how the idea of a one-off car was born.
Meticulous attention in terms of style and technology was paid to the proportions and architecture of the SP12 EC - which is part of Ferrari's One-Off Programme - making this exceptional car even more significant. Just like music is created, applying the right notes in the right places to build a musical score, so was the creative process behind the Ferrari SP12 EC.

For Eric Clapton, following the project through from what was, essentially, a blank canvas, was 'one of the most satisfying things I've ever done." Unique and irreproducible like the final car.

Sabtu, 03 Maret 2012

Ferrari F12berlinetta

The on-line unveiling of the Ferrari F12berlinetta ushers in a new generation of Ferrari 12-cylinders in the form of a car that delivers unprecedented performance from an exceptional new engine, combined with innovative design that redefines classic themes along with extreme aerodynamics.
Revealed to the world for the first time on Ferrari.com in preparation for its official debut at the 2012 Geneva International Motor Show, the Ferrari F12berlinetta, finished in an attractive new Rosso Berlinetta three-layer colour, represents the very cutting-edge of mid-front-engined sports cars.
This is, in fact, the most powerful and high-performance Ferrari road car ever launched thanks to the incredibly efficient engine - in terms of mechanical, combustion and fluid-dynamics efficiency - which, together with advanced vehicle architecture, aerodynamics, components and electronic controls, guarantee unsurpassed driving involvement whatever the road or track.
Ferrari's traditional transaxle layout has been revolutionised to match the more extreme performance of the car. The wheelbase has been shortened and the engine, dashboard and seats have been lowered in the chassis, while the new layout of the rear suspension and gearbox enabled Ferrari's engineers to make the rear volume of the car smaller. The overall result is a very compact car with a lower centre of gravity that is further back in the chassis, and a level of aerodynamic efficiency that sets new standards.
Scaglietti, renowned for its expertise in aluminium materials and construction, designed an all-new spaceframe chassis and bodyshell using 12 different kinds of alloys, some of which have been used here for the first time in the automotive sector, and employing new assembly and joining techniques. This has resulted in a 20 per cent increase in structural rigidity while reducing weight to just 1525 kg (70 kg less than the previous V12 coupé) with an ideal distribution between the axles (54 per cent over the rear).

The Ferrari F12berlinetta's 6262cc 65° V12 engine delivers unprecedented performance and revs for a naturally-aspirated 12-cylinder. Its maximum power output is 740 CV which translates to a specific output of 118 CV/l. Torque reaches a peak of 690 Nm, 80 per cent of which is already available at just 2,500 rpm, and which provides an unrelenting surge of acceleration all the way to the 8,700 rpm limit. The engine is mated to the F1 dual-clutch transmission, which has closer gear ratios developed specifically for this car's performance. The Ferrari F12berlinetta boasts a weight-to-power ratio of just 2.1 kg/CV.
Fuel consumption has been reduced by 30%, with CO2 emissions of just 350 g/km - figures which put the Ferrari F12berlinetta at the top of the high-performance league. These results have been obtained by extensive research and development which focused on efficiencies of the whole vehicle: engine, aerodynamics, tyres and weights.
Similarly excellent results have been obtained with the car's aerodynamic development, thanks to the integration of the design process with extensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and lengthy testing in the wind tunnel. Downforce has been boosted by 76 per cent (123 kg at 200 km/h) while drag has been significantly reduced (the Cd is just 0.299). These results come courtesy of two new solutions. The first of these is the Aero Bridge which uses the bonnet to generate downforce by channelling air away from the upper part of the car to its flanks where it interacts with the wake from the wheel wells to decrease drag. The second is Active Brake Cooling, a system that opens guide vanes to the brake cooling ducts only at high operating temperatures, again reducing drag.
The Ferrari F12berlinetta's impressive technical specifications are completed by Ferrari's latest generation carbon-ceramic brakes (CCM3) and the evolution of the magnetorheological suspension control system (SCM-E). As is now traditional with all Ferraris, its control systems (E-Diff, ESP Premium, F1-Trac, and high-performance ABS) are all fully integrated.
The result is that the new Prancing Horse 12-cylinder accelerates from 0-100 km/h in 3.1 seconds and from 0 to 200 km/h in 8.5 seconds. It also completes a lap of the Fiorano circuit in 1'23", faster than any other Ferrari road car. Benchmark performance and maximum driving involvement are guaranteed by immediate turn-in, with smaller steering wheel angles, and increased cornering speed. Stopping distances have also been drastically reduced.
The design of the Ferrari F12berlinetta is a result of the collaboration between the Ferrari Styling Centre and Pininfarina and is a perfect balance of uncompromising aerodynamics with harmonious proportions interpreting the typical elements of Ferrari's front-engined V12 cars in an original and innovative way. A coupé with sleek, aggressive lines whose compact exterior dimensions conceal exceptional in-car space and comfort. The all-new Frau leather interior highlights the balance of advanced technology and sophisticated, handcrafted detailing. In the middle of the light and lean dashboard, there are new carbon fibre and aluminium air vents clearly inspired by the aeronautic field.

The cabin has been optimised to ensure maximum usability of the interior space with additional luggage capacity behind the seats, which can also be easily reached thanks to the large aperture offered by the tail-gate. With the cockpit designed around the driver, typical of all Ferraris, the Human Machine Interface approach is emphasised, grouping all the major commands within immediate reach to guarantee maximum ergonomics for the most involving driving experience.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
  • Engine
    • Type: 65-degree V12
    • Total displacement: 6262 cc
    • Maximum power output: 740 CV at 8500 rpm
    • Maximum torque: 690 Nm at 6000 rpm
  • Dimensions and weight
    • Length: 4618 mm
    • Width: 1942 mm
    • Height: 1273 mm
    • Dry weight: 1525 kg
    • Weight distribution: 46% front, 54% rear
    • Weight-power ratio: 2.1 kg/CV
  • Performance
    • Maximum speed: >340 km/h
    • 0-100 km/h: 3.1 s
  • Fuel consumption and emissions (ECE + EUDC combined cycle)
    • Consumption: 15l/100 km
    • CO2: 350 g/km

Kamis, 02 Februari 2012

Jaguar XJ220

The Jaguar XJ220 is a mid-engined supercar produced by Jaguar in collaboration with Tom Walkinshaw Racing as Jaguar Sport between 1992 and 1994. It held the record for the highest top speed of a production car (350 km/h, 217 mph) until the arrival of the McLaren F1 in 1994. The XJ220 is unrelated with the other XJ models, although shares the same name 'XJ'.
Origins
In the early days of the company, certain Jaguar employees had created an informal group they called "The Saturday Club" (so-named because they would meet after-hours and on weekends to work on unofficial pet-projects). In the 1980s, Jaguar's chief-engineer Jim Randle, as part of that group, began work on what he saw as competition for cars like the Ferrari F40 and Porsche 959. He envisioned what was essentially an updated XJ13 - a lightweight two-seater with a powerful mid-mounted V12 engine. Randle expanded on the idea by settling on all wheel drive for increased traction and better handling and an integral safety-cage so the car could be safely raced at extremely high speeds. From the outset, the intention was to create a vehicle capable of exceeding 320 km/h (200 mph).

Concept car
Jaguar executives who saw the concept were sufficiently impressed to formally commit company resources to producing a car for the 1988 British Motor Show. Tom Walkinshaw Racing was tapped to produce a 6.2 L version of Jaguar's legendary V12 engine with four valves per cylinder, quad camshafts and a target output of 500 hp (370 kW; 510 PS). The all wheel drive system was produced by FF Developments who had experience with such systems going back to the 1960s and the Jensen FF. The styling of the car was done by Keith Helfet and included scissor-style doors similar to those in use by Lamborghini in several of their cars. The name XJ220 was assigned as a reference to the targeted top-speed of 220 mph (350 km/h).
The prototype car was significantly heavier at 1,560 kg (3,439 lb) than other Jaguar racers like the XJR-9. But as it was intended to be, first and foremost, a roadcar, it would be more appropriate to compare it with something like the XJS; in spite of being 30-inch (762 mm) longer and 10-inch (254 mm) wider and even with the added weight of the all wheel drive system, the Jaguar XJ220 was still 170 kg (375 lb) lighter than the XJS.

The car was officially announced in 1989 with a price of £361,000 ($580,000 USD) and prospective buyers were expected to put up a deposit of £50,000 ($80,000 USD) to be put on the waiting list for delivery. Because Jaguar promised to limit initial production to 220 units and that total production would not exceed 350, many of those who put deposits on the cars were speculators who intended to sell the car at an immediate profit.
Production version
The production version of the car was first shown to the public in October 1991 after undergoing significant changes. The most obvious of which was a completely different drivetrain and the elimination of the scissor doors. TWR was charged with producing the car and had several goals/rules: the car would be rear wheel drive instead of all wheel drive; would have a turbocharged V6 engine instead of the big V12; and performance goals of over 200 mph (320 km/h), 0 to 60 mph (97 km/h) in 3.8 seconds, and the lightest weight possible.
The 6.2 L V12 had been judged too difficult to get past increasingly strict emission regulations, and there were also reportedly some design problems caused by the size of the power plant. It was replaced with a Tom Walkinshaw-developed 3.5 L V6 based on the engine used in the Austin Metro 6R4 rally car and fitted with twin Garrett T3 turbochargers, generating 542 bhp (404 kW; 550 PS) of maximum power at 7000 rpm and 476 lb·ft (645 N·m) of torque at 4500 rpm. This engine was the first V6 in Jaguar's history, and was the first to use forced induction. In spite of the smaller displacement and half the number of cylinders, the engine produced more power than the V12 would have. However, potential customers judged the exhaust note to be harsh and the lag from the turbos to be an annoyance. Also missing from the production version of the car was the Ferguson all wheel drive - the production car had only rear driven wheels, through a conventional transaxle - and the ABS.
During the boom period of the late 80s, the stunning Jaguar XJ220 prototype had buyers flocking to Jaguar in droves with their £50,000 deposits in hand.
With the promise of four wheel drive and a 500bhp Jaguar V12 this sounded like a dream come true for enthusiasts and speculators alike. Unfortunately, when production finally began in the early 90s, the boom had gone and Group B (for which the XJ220 was originally conceived) had disappeared. Not only this but Jaguar had made the bizarre decision to ditch the 4wd and replace the V12 engine for a Turbo V6. This led to disgruntled customers, many of whom launched court cases against Jaguar, only to lose, and ultimately unsold 220s.

The car entered production in 1992 in a purpose built factory at Bloxham near Banbury, and the first cars were delivered to customers in July. Original customers included Elton John and the Sultan of Brunei.
Many of the initial customers were dissatisfied not only with the modifications to the original specification but the significant increase in delivery price from the original £361,000 to £403,000 ($650,000 USD). Another blow to potential sales was a global recession which took hold between the car's original announcement and its eventual release. This caused many original speculators to not want to buy the car, either because they were no longer able, or because they did not think they could sell it on. Further complicating the issue was Tom Walkinshaw's offer of the faster (by acceleration, not top speed), more expensive and more exclusive XJR-15 which was based on the Le Mans champion XJR-9. Some customers reportedly either sued Jaguar or threatened to sue; in any case, Jaguar gave the customers the option to buy themselves out of the delivery contract. As a result, many of the owners challenged Jaguar in court where the Judge eventually sided with Jaguar. To reduce costs the use of parts from mass production cars had been extensive; for example the rear view mirrors came from the Citroën CX 2 Series.
Racing version
A racing version called the XJ220C was also made. The XJ220C, driven by Win Percy won its first race, a round of the BRDC National Sports GT Challenge at Silverstone. Three works XJ220C's were entered in the 1993 Le Mans 24 Hour race, in the newly created Grand Touring Class. Two of the cars retired but one XJ220, driven by John Nielsen, David Brabham and David Coulthard took the checkered flag to take a class win. This, however, was revoked two weeks later, when the XJ220C was disqualified for a technical infringement.

Sabtu, 10 Desember 2011

McLaren MP4-12C

Through a rich modern history, McLaren's automotive division has already built the world's most critically acclaimed supercar, the McLaren F1 (1993-1998) and the world's best-selling luxury supercar, the Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren (2003-2009). McLaren Automotive now looks to the future with a new range of revolutionary sports cars.
"It is a long-held dream of mine to launch a range of high performance sports cars that set new standards in the industry," said Dennis.
"We began designing and building cars for aficionados of thoroughbred sports cars almost 20 years ago. Incorporating the leading edge technologies that the McLaren Group has built up within its various companies, I believe we are now perfectly placed to open up this new chapter in McLaren's history as well as play a part in the regeneration of high-tech manufacturing in the UK and global automotive environment," he concluded.
At its heart, the McLaren MP4-12C features a revolutionary carbon fibre chassis structure, the Carbon MonoCell: the first time a car in this market segment is based around such a strong and lightweight racing car engineering solution and the first time any car has ever featured a one-piece carbon fibre structure.

This step change in sports car design means that the 12C introduces new standards not just in handling, ride and outright performance, but also safety, economy and practicality in an already competitive sector.
Martin Whitmarsh, Team Principal of McLaren's racing team highlighted the integral part that McLaren's motorsport and road car experience played in developing the 12C: "McLaren has for years offered a potent mix of race car and road car technologies. This combination of McLaren's performance heritage, and future demands on what is expected of high performance sports cars in the 21st century, gave us a head-start when we embarked on this project. The 12C, and future variants, draws on the spirit of Formula 1 and delivers real-world technological advances."
The first car from the new company, the McLaren MP4-12C, is a high performance two-seat mid-engine model in the 'core' sports car market segment for cars costing between £125,000 and £175,000. The 12C is pure McLaren, featuring no carryover parts from any other car, and will be produced by McLaren in the UK. It goes on sale through a dedicated, worldwide retailer network in early 2011.
"McLaren is already a car maker with maturity and experience, having produced iconic cars such as the F1," said Antony Sheriff, McLaren Automotive Managing Director.

"The next step was to construct a range of pure McLaren high performance sports cars that are true to the company's philosophy and reflect our position as an absolute technology and performance leader. So, when we embarked on the 12C project, we wanted to re-write the rules of sports car design. Indeed, the 12C offers performance and technology that exceeds that of the world's most expensive and sophisticated supercars, while competing in a much more accessible market segment. And to achieve this result, we designed every component from scratch to meet the extreme goals of the 12C and avoid any compromise."
"Forget what you know about sports car companies, McLaren is different," he concluded.
Inside out
The heart of the new car is the Carbon MonoCell. McLaren pioneered the use of carbon composite construction in the 1981 Formula 1 MP4/1 model and set a trend that all Formula 1 teams have followed. The company brought carbon fibre to road cars for the first time with the 1993 McLaren F1 and then built on this experience with a carbon fibre chassis and body on the SLR manufactured to the same exacting standards, but in higher volumes.
So, until now, carbon chassis have remained the preserve of the most expensive exotic cars; a purchase for the super-rich where costs are driven by the complexity of carbon fibre chassis design and build.
The 12C changes this by introducing the advantages of carbon composite - light weight, high strength and torsional rigidity, and longevity - to a more affordable sector through its revolutionary engineering as a one-piece moulding. Never before has a carbon fibre chassis been produced this way.
The 12C MonoCell not only brings dynamic benefits, but also offers fundamental engineering opportunities that form the basis of the car's unique character. It has been designed to allow a much narrower structure overall which in turn contributes to a more compact car that is easier to position on the road and more rewarding to drive.

Not only is the 12C unique in its class by offering carbon technology, it also has the highest specific power output as well as extraordinary power- and torque-to-weight ratios. Furthermore, the Proactive Chassis Control system offers groundbreaking handling and ride comfort while an intense focus on occupant packaging offers new levels of comfort and everyday usability.
Antony Sheriff explained. "With the 12C we are redefining the relationship between performance and practicality, as well as performance and efficiency, achieving leading positions in both. We have designed this car from the inside out. We have a saying in McLaren - 'everything for a reason' and the 12C will surprise people in many ways.
"A clear illustration of its special qualities is in the efficiency of its power delivery. With the 12C's power output of around 600hp and its low CO2 emissions, it delivers the highest horsepower to CO2 ratio of any car on the market today with an internal combustion engine...and that includes petrol and diesel hybrids," Sheriff concluded.
Pure McLaren
All the parts of the McLaren MP4-12C are bespoke and unique to this car. Everything from the engine right down to the tailor-made switches and buttons is pure McLaren: nothing has come from another manufacturer's parts bin.
The 12C is powered by a bespoke McLaren 'M838T' 3.8 litre, V8 twin-turbo engine producing around 600bhp, driving through a McLaren seven speed Seamless Shift dual clutch gearbox (SSG). It is targeting not only new standards for power and performance in its sector, but also class-leading fuel economy and CO2 emissions; supported by McLaren's experience of active aerodynamics to aid cooling, grip, handling and road holding.

"The 12C is all about performance," said Sheriff. "And in McLaren, we have a very broad definition of performance. We don't just look at the traditional one-dimensional parameters like top speed, we focus equally on useable measures such as in-gear acceleration times, braking performance in all conditions, and efficiency of power delivery combined with the lowest possible fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Sure, 12C is very fast, but it is also the most efficient, most driveable high-performance sports car in the world.
"In the more subjective areas of road-holding, handling, comfort, driver involvement and day-to-day usability, McLaren is achieving new standards for a mid-engined high performance sports car in this sector," he concluded.
Thorough engineering and market research led to concept development and a clear decision in favour of a mid-engined two door high performance sports car. Intensive work was carried out in the wind tunnel and the driving simulator to ensure that the new car would inherently have superb dynamic qualities.
Dick Glover, McLaren Automotive Technical Director, was closely involved with the development of these invaluable tools during his time with McLaren's Formula 1 race team.
"There are so many examples of race car process and technology transfer in the 12C," claimed Glover. "The car owes much to McLaren's experience and success in motor sport. The advantage of technology transfer is only one element; speed of decision-making and development, F1 processes and people all make an important contribution.
"Brake Steer, for example, is a technology we pioneered on our Formula 1 car back in 1997. It helps to dial out understeer on entry to a corner and improves traction on the way out. Another is the Pre-Cog function on the gearshift rocker that effectively primes the gearbox ready for the next change, ensuring a more satisfying and faster gearchange. This is a high performance sports car with race car genes and teamwork at its heart."
Adding lightness
Weight is the enemy of performance in every area of car design. It affects acceleration, speed, handling, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions - everything. McLaren Automotive engineers pursued weight saving obsessively. For example:
  • The Carbon MonoCell not only reduces the weight of the structure but also allows for the use of much lighter weight body panels.
  • The close position of the driver and passenger allows a narrower, lighter body while giving improved visibility with a clearer perception of the car's extremities.
  • Brakes with forged aluminium hubs save 8 kg and weigh less than optional carbon ceramic brakes.
  • Lightweight exhaust pipes exit straight out the rear of the car, minimizing their length and weight.
  • Airflow-assisted Airbrake deployment dramatically reduces weight of the Airbrake activation system.
  • Small, compact downsized engine coupled to lightweight compact SSG minimizes vehicle length, weight and polar moment of inertia.
  • Significant weight was pared off the alloy wheels through intensive Finite Element Analysis of wall thicknesses.
  • The engine cooling radiators were mounted at the rear, as close to the engine as possible, to minimize the pipework, the fluids contained within them, and therefore weight. They were also mounted in car line to minimize vehicle width.
"We have spent most of the programme 'adding lightness'," said Mark Vinnels, McLaren Automotive Programme Director. "If the cost of reducing weight brought performance gains in speed, handling or economy, we did it. However, if the expense could deliver improved performance elsewhere we didn't pursue it. We never set weight targets as such; we set cost-to-performance targets and examined everything in this way.
"A good example of this philosophy is that we considered carbon fibre body panels. They would have reduced weight but added little benefit as the new one-piece Carbon MonoCell provides all of the torsional strength the body needs. The costs saved were used elsewhere for greater weight reduction and efficiencies overall. This was the holistic approach to weight saving that we used all the way through development," he concluded.
Design: everything for a reason
The McLaren MP4-12C design follows similar principles to McLaren's Formula 1 cars, and the legendary McLaren F1, where everything is for a reason and all lines, surfaces, and details are designed with a job in mind as much as styled. This ensures that the 12C communicates its engineering through its styling and will remain timeless as a piece of automotive design.

Frank Stephenson, McLaren Automotive Design Director: "Many sports cars and super cars present an 'in-your-face', 'look-at-me' image that can become wearing and boorish; the ultimate backhanded compliment becomes, "…it was of its time". Great design, however, is timeless and looks relevant years later. Take the McLaren F1 as an example. I hope that with the 12C we have produced a car that looks great today and will still look great in years to come."
The 12C's body has been styled to support sector-leading levels of downforce; downforce that then subsequently contributes to sector-leading levels of lateral grip and stability. Air flow has been manically managed to support all performance figures and light weight targets. For example, placing the radiators adjacent to the engine keeps the car narrow and reduces weight. However, this results in a huge challenge of ensuring ample air flow to the radiators. The result? The large side air scoops and integrated turning vanes that are dramatic, but purely functional. No larger or smaller than required.
The designer's challenge is to then take that styling purpose driven by engineering aspirations and add personality. That's why the air scoops resemble the McLaren logo in form, as do other features around the car.
Just two 'pure' lines flow round the car and, when combined with the integration of several dramatic convex and concave surfaces, present a car that looks compact, low and well proportioned.
The market opportunity for McLaren
"I am confident that now is the right time for McLaren Automotive to become a full line high performance sports car manufacturer," stated Ron Dennis.
"Worldwide demand for high performance cars is strong, in large part because of great cars from great competitors. With McLaren joining that list, it will grow stronger still. What we are offering is a new approach to the market, through a skilled, solid, debt-free and risk-managed company. McLaren is right to take this step now and support future growth of high-technology manufacturing and engineering jobs in the UK," Dennis declared.
The market for high performance sports cars has grown substantially since the turn of the century. McLaren divides the market into segments that encompass both more comfort-orientated GT cars and the hard-edged supercars for road and track use.
The 'core' segment runs from around £125,000 to £175,000 featuring such cars as the Ferrari 458, Lamborghini Gallardo, Porsche 911 Turbo, Bentley Continental GT and Aston Martin DB9. A second segment is the 'high' category with prices ranging from £175,000 to £250,000 and consists largely of front-engined GT cars such as Ferrari 599 GTB and Ferrari 612, with just one mid-engined contender, the Lamborghini Murcielago.
The final segment is the 'ultimate' group, a sector more or less initiated by the McLaren F1 in 1993 and now populated by a select group of cars including the Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren, Bugatti Veyron, and cars from the likes of Pagani and Koenigsegg that followed legends such as the Porsche Carrera GT and Ferrari Enzo. In 2011, McLaren will bring technology and performance exclusive to this 'ultimate' sector into the 'core' segment.
Although the recent economic downturn has affected the performance car sector, just as it has the entire motor industry, McLaren Automotive believes that the 'core' segment's growth from 8,000 sales in 2000 to more than 28,000 in 2007 highlights the potential that exists and that it will soon return to at least 2007 levels.
"By the time the 12C is launched in 2011 we expect the economic conditions to be much improved. We have already seen significant interest in the car and the supply of the 12C will be relatively scarce; in its first year we plan to produce just 1,000 cars which represents only 3.5 per cent of the 'core' market," explained Antony Sheriff.
"We have created ground-breaking new technology, lightweight engineering solutions, and harnessed real-world motor racing applications. It brings new levels of performance, fuel efficiency and practicality to the 12C's segment. And it will be more exclusive than its principal competition with a price that reflects its lack of ubiquity," he said.
McLaren Automotive will distribute the 12C and future models through a brand-new retail network in all global markets.
Exclusivity, exquisite design and a passionate focus on delivering a wonderful ownership experience will ensure that the small number of retailers around the world are taking on an attractive new brand. This approach will drive excellent customer service and a virtuous circle that retains McLaren customers and brings in new converts as the range expands.
McLaren MP4-12C - what's in a name?
The name of the new McLaren sports car is MP4-12C.
What does this signify? As one might expect at McLaren, everything has a purpose and the nomenclature is no exception.
  • 'MP4' has been the chassis designation for all McLaren Formula 1 cars since 1981. It stands for McLaren Project 4, resulting from the merger of Ron Dennis' Project 4 organisation with McLaren.
  • The '12' refers to McLaren's internal Vehicle Performance Index through which it rates key performance criteria both for competitors and for its own cars. The criteria combine power, weight, emissions, and aerodynamic efficiency. The coalition of all these values delivers an overall performance index that has been used as a benchmark throughout the car's development.
  • The 'C' refers to Carbon, highlighting the unique application of carbon fibre technology to the future range of McLaren sports cars.
The elements of this name represent everything that the McLaren MP4-12C stands for:
  • 'MP4' represents the racing bloodline
  • '12' represents the focus on complete performance and efficiency
  • 'C' represents the revolutionary Carbon MonoCell
"We are very proud of the McLaren MP4-12C and all the teamwork, intelligent thought and sheer effort that have gone into developing this car. What drives people at McLaren is passion - if you cut them, they bleed McLaren. And there is no doubt in my mind that the 12C fully reflects that focus, drive and determination in its performance, style and ownership potential," said Ron Dennis, McLaren Automotive Chairman.
"This is the start of an exciting new chapter in McLaren's history, in British high-technology engineering and manufacturing, and in global sports car design. We aim to be the best, but will leave that ultimate judgement to our first customers in 2011. Until then, we will strive to put one name at the top of the 'most wanted' list for buyers of high performance sports cars: 'McLaren'," he concluded.
A carbon fibre heart
Light weight and performance are defining philosophies at McLaren. But outright power alone is of little significance if a car's weight saps output or if that power is unmanageable and compromises the driving experience or results in unacceptable emissions.
Fundamentally, it is critical to keep weight as low as possible. Increased customer demands for safety and advanced features all mean that shaving weight is ever more difficult. However, at McLaren saving weight remains a passion and at the heart of the McLaren MP4-12C is a carbon fibre composite chassis: the Carbon MonoCell.
This revolutionary structure is the automotive version of a McLaren innovation that started with Formula 1 back in 1981 and delivers both weight savings and performance gains. It is a technology cascade in which McLaren brought carbon composite technology from the aerospace industry to make the MP4/1 F1 car, the first Formula 1 car to benefit from the strength, weight and safety of carbon fibre.
McLaren's Formula 1 carbon fibre technology then offered the company the opportunity of applying its expertise to road car applications. The first ever road car to be constructed of this material was the McLaren F1 produced in 1993, albeit in small numbers. The F1 was followed by the Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren that also shared this rare expertise.
Only a handful of other cars in the market offer such technology today and all of them lie in the 'ultimate' segment. No manufacturer has brought the advantages of carbon composite technology to a more affordable sector of the market. But the 12C does, through engineering passion and a relentless pursuit of efficiency.
So, McLaren did it first with the F1, the world's fastest car for many years, then in the highest volume with SLR, which almost doubled the volume of the next highest produced carbon fibre-based high performance sports car by selling over 2,100 units. Now, through revolutionary one-piece moulding of the MonoCell, McLaren brings a carbon composite chassis down to the 'core' category, where currently only traditional metal structures are offered.
The advantages this technology brings are light weight, high torsional rigidity, a very strong safety cell, low perishability, ease of repair and extreme dimensional accuracy.
The 12C MonoCell weighs less than 80 kg. Carbon fibre contributes to the car's low overall weight and it forms the structural basis for the whole car. The tub's torsional rigidity is considerably stiffer than a comparable alloy structure.
This inherent lack of flex means the unique front suspension system, which is mounted directly onto the MonoCell, requires less compromise for flex of the suspension itself. Therefore, it is easier to develop the unique balance between fine ride and precise handling that McLaren has targeted. The MonoCell also offers greater occupant safety. It acts as a safety survival cell, as it does for a Formula 1 car.
Carbon composites do not degrade over time like metal structures that fatigue. One is able to get into a 15-year-old McLaren F1 and there is none of the tiredness or lack of structural integrity that afflicts traditional cars that have suffered a hard life. The 12C will feel as good as new in this respect for decades.
And in the event of an accident, the light weight aluminium alloy front and rear structures are designed to absorb impact forces in a crash and can be replaced relatively easily. Aluminium extrusions and castings are jig welded into the finished assembly and bolted directly to the MonoCell. Cars with full aluminium chassis use their structure to absorb and crumple on impact, which implies more fundamental damage (and expense) to the whole structure, including the passenger cell, in a major accident.
McLaren has pioneered a new carbon fibre production process that allows the MonoCell to be produced to exacting quality standards, in a single piece, in only four hours, compared to the dozens of carbon components (and dozens of production hours) that normally feature in a carbon fibre chassis structure. This naturally brings huge efficiency and quality benefits. The MonoCell project is managed by Claudio Santoni, McLaren Automotive Body Structures Function Manager.

"It was clear that we needed to develop a car with a carbon fibre structure. After all, McLaren has never made a car with a metal chassis!" said Santoni.
"The whole 12C project is based on the concept of the MonoCell. This means that McLaren can launch into the market with greater performance than our rivals and a safer structure. To put it into perspective, if the costs and complexity of producing a McLaren F1 carbon fibre chassis are taken as a factor of 100, the 12C chassis production costs are reduced to a factor of seven or eight, without degrading the strength or quality of the carbon fibre structure. And this step-change in technology could make its way into more mainstream cars," he concluded.
Getting the production process right is the result of five years of extensive research. Now that the process is perfected, it allows McLaren to produce the MonoCell repeatedly at very high quality.
"Not many people in the automobile world work to standards demanded by the aerospace industry," claimed Mark Vinnels, McLaren Automotive Programme Director.
"Our ability to analyse and predict the performance of carbon fibre is in line with aerospace technology and is truly world class, particularly in the sense of predicting failure, which is obviously key in managing crash events and passive safety.
"We can now predict failure levels at individual ply level in the carbon composite and the results are absolutely correlating with what we predicted," he concluded.
The finished MonoCell emerges in one piece and this new process could revolutionise car design. It avoids the need to bond different parts to make the whole structure, as with all other carbon fibre cars. It is hollow, saving further weight, and the integrity of production ensures the location of suspension and ancillaries is accurate to the finest of tolerances.
Powertrain: pure McLaren
The McLaren MP4-12C is powered by a twin-turbocharged, 3.8 litre 90° V8 engine - the 'M838T'. This marks the start of a new era in 'core' segment sports cars - smaller capacity, lighter weight, higher efficiency and more economical power units. The engine has the highest specific power output in its segment which, when allied to its low weight carbon composite chassis, delivers exemplary power- and torque-to-weight ratios.
'M838T' is a unique McLaren power unit, developed specifically for the 12C. It is compact, lightweight, very stiff, and offers an uncompromising combination of very high performance and good driveability, with excellent economy and CO2 emission values.
Taking power and emissions in combination (measured by its horsepower to CO2 ratio), the 12C delivers its power at greater efficiency than any other car on the market with an internal combustion engine, including hybrids.
'M838T' features dual variable valve timing and produces around 600bhp and 600Nm of torque. A dry sump and flat plane crankshaft allow the engine to be placed extremely low in the chassis thereby lowering the centre of gravity and improving handling responses. It also features composite cam covers and intake manifolds, which reduce weight and heat transmission into the charge air, as well as Nikasil-coated aluminium liners for further weight reduction.
The McLaren engine revs to 8,500rpm, has quick transient throttle response and delivers its abundant torque throughout the rev range. A staggering 80 per cent of torque is available at below 2,000rpm, ensuring great driveability and no need to floor the throttle to deliver performance.
And it delivers a great soundtrack to highlight the engine's performance, flexibility and driveability. The sound of the engine has been thoroughly engineered through exhaust manifold design and tuning of the exhaust and intake systems to deliver a unique engine note.
The high level exhaust pipes exit through a mixing box, rather than a conventional and heavy silencer box. All parts of the exhaust system up to the mixing box feature sandwich layer heat-shielding that helps reduce heat from the engine bay. In just an 18mm gap, exhaust gas temperatures reduce from 900°C to 300°C.
The engine drives the rear wheels through two wet clutches and a McLaren-developed seven speed Seamless Shift dual clutch gearbox (SSG).
The Seamless Shift technology offers variable programmes ranging from 'normal' for road use and 'sport' for quicker changes still, right up to a lightning quick high performance mode. In addition an 'automatic' mode, 'launch control' and 'winter' modes can be selected, the latter changing all electronic functions to suit low friction conditions and delivering maximum driver aid and support. There is no traditional manual transmission offered; the two pedal layout offered further scope to create a narrow, and therefore light, car.
The 12C's SSG is a development on the automated and sequential manual gearboxes with paddle shifts that proliferate in the car market today. The character of the transmission will engage even experienced drivers with its responsiveness and its contribution to the whole dynamic package.
With minimal torque loss, there is none of the lurch, hesitation or unpredictability that characterise traditional automated-manual transmission systems.
Design of the SSG system was driven by a demanding mechanical package that not only reduced weight and improved dynamic control for the entire vehicle, but also delivered driver benefits.
It is lightweight and compact in design and positioned in exactly the best location. The input shaft lies very close to the output shaft to help position the entire powertrain low in the vehicle. Twin secondary shafts ensure any rear axle weight overhang is minimised and rear crash performance is uncompromised. The bespoke SSG is further complemented by an entirely new control system.
This obsessive attention to detail comes as second nature to McLaren, but is not just there to satisfy the engineers' passions. McLaren's designers have also engineered the system to work seamlessly with the driver.
The system reduces weight and benefits packaging targets, but also ensures that driving programmes and shift strategies take the driver's own inputs and uses them to directly control the engine's torque and speed to deliver performance, economy or comfort as requested.
Gears are changed using a Formula 1 style rocker shift that pivots in the centre of the steering wheel. It is actuated on either side of the steering wheel (pulling right changes up, pulling left down).
As with the McLaren Formula 1 car, a shift can be actuated either by pulling or by pushing on the rocker. The rocker moves with the steering wheel, rather than being mounted on the steering column, so that if a gearchange is needed while lock is being applied the driver does not have to fumble around to change gear.
The rocker itself incorporates an innovative feature created by McLaren engineers called Pre-Cog. The name stands for pre-cognition, literally 'foreknowledge'. The rocker on the 12C has two positions with a slightly different haptic (or feel) for each. The driver applies first pressure to the rocker and it informs the gearbox to get ready to swap ratios, thereby saving time - latency - between the message being sent and the gearbox being primed to act. The second pressure confirms that the gear should be changed and the torque handover is completed in milliseconds.
"What Pre-Cog actually does is initiate the shift process by priming the clutch and torque handover - it takes significant time out of the process," explained Dick Glover, Technical Director McLaren Automotive.
"It's a little bit like the first pressure on a camera shutter button. There's no requirement for the driver to use it but it is more satisfying and engaging if you do. The SSG also promotes seamless shifting in which the driver doesn't have to reduce engine power at all - rather than the gearshift slowing you down, it actually speeds the car up by recovering the energy of the crank spinning as it drops engine speed," he said.
In practice the latency of the shift is virtually zero, the actual gear change time is very fast and the level of impulse can be varied according to the gearbox mode. Considering that McLaren was the first Formula 1 team to introduce seamless shift gearchanges into motor racing, it was a natural step to develop such a bespoke transmission to its sports car project.
Chassis: Proactive control
The suspension for the McLaren MP4-12C breaks new ground, offering hitherto unseen levels of roll control and grip (an almost flat cornering attitude, depending on the programme selected).
Although such track-like responses would normally imply a rock-hard ride, the 12C delivers compliance and ride comfort more akin to an executive saloon car. The mix of occupant cosseting and sporting potential is truly unique. The 12C offers the driver both class-leading ride comfort and class-leading performance.
The whole chassis package produces not only a unique relationship between ride and handling, but also astonishing lateral grip and outstanding traction. The 12C is poised and balanced whether negotiating high or low speed corners, during direction changes, under heavy or light braking and on tightening or opening corners.
The trick behind blending such opposing objectives lies in the innovative Proactive Chassis Control system, uncompromised geometry, and weight distribution.
The suspension is based on double wishbones with coil springs. The dampers are interconnected hydraulically and provide adaptive responses depending on both road conditions and driver preference.
The Proactive system features adjustable roll control which replaces the mechanical anti-roll bars that have been a standard feature of road cars since time immemorial. It allows the car to maintain precise roll control under heavy cornering while decoupling the suspension in a straight line for excellent wheel articulation and compliance.
There are three suspension modes that are selected on the Active Dynamics Panel. As with the powertrain adjustment, there is a 'normal', a 'sport' mode and a high performance mode which adjusts numerous parameters in the system.
Not only is the Proactive suspension a unique application that delivers absolute benefits to driver and passenger, but it is also another example of McLaren's drive to achieve all-round performance goals from core engineering targets.
For example, the unique blend of a compliant ride with ultra-sharp handling also delivers ownership benefits as it protects suspension bushes from wear and tear, with McLaren's research suggesting a potential for up to ten times more mileage than on some competitor cars. Also, the hydraulic pump that supports the dampers is the same pump that supports the electro-hydraulic steering system. Why use two pumps when one - small and lightweight - pump will do?
The powertrain packaging also contributes to the 12C's handling prowess.
The engine is mounted low down in order to lower the centre of gravity while the radiators are rear-mounted and reduce weight by saving on long piping to and from the engine (and the fluids they would hold). The value of rear-mounted radiators is key to the 12C's handling and balance. The more weight that can be concentrated within the wheelbase and towards the centre of gravity, the lower the polar moment of inertia, thereby improving corner turn in.
Another feature that helps the 12C to handle at a new level is a development of an electronic system used by McLaren's 1997 MP4/12 Formula 1 car, - Brake Steer. In essence, it is a system that brakes the inside rear wheel when the car is entering a corner too quickly to make the desired radius. Under normal circumstances the front would wash away wide of the apex the driver wants to touch: in other words, the car is in a state of understeer.
Brake Steer manages the tendency of a car to wash out and brings its nose back on line. It assesses the steering angle to determine the driver's intended course and applies the inside rear brake to increase yaw rate and resume the desired course.
The system also works on acceleration out of a corner when the inside rear has a tendency to spin, allowing the driver to put power down more quickly. It controls what a limited slip differential would do and obviates the need for such a complex and heavy unit, thus saving more valuable kilos.
The standard brakes for the 12C reduce overall vehicle and unsprung mass. McLaren has developed a composite braking system that uses a forged aluminium bell that attaches to the cast iron disc. This solution maintained the excellent brake feel of a cast iron disc while saving 8 kg. Carbon ceramic brakes will be available as an option, offering fade-free braking performance during high performance driving, but the standard composite brake system is actually lighter than the larger carbon ceramic units.
The design of the standard cast alloy wheels (19" front, 20" rear) was driven by McLaren's light weight objectives: the light weight styling was agreed in concept, then the wheel was tuned using Finite Element Analysis to take a further 4 kg out of the wheels. Bespoke Pirelli tyres have been developed in conjunction with McLaren specifically for the 12C.
An array of electronic aids is fitted to the 12C that will assist and protect the less-experienced driver, or when conditions challenge even the best. These include ABS, ESP, ASR traction control, Electronic Brake Distribution, Hill Hold and Brake Steer. The level of intervention varies according to the handling mode selected.
Design: everything for a reason
The McLaren MP4-12C has been designed around a demanding mechanical package that puts emphasis on aerodynamics, compact dimensions, performance and efficiency, practicality and comfort. Although the design of the 12C was driven by aerodynamics, it aims to remain contemporary and elegant throughout its lifetime as well as distinctive among its peers.
Frank Stephenson, McLaren Automotive Design Director, helped finalise the design: "Like most designers it's a boyhood dream to work with high performance sports cars. They are the purest expression of speed and purpose and, with increased consumer demand in this market and environmental aims to the fore, offer designers the ultimate challenge.
The 12C design was therefore led by aerodynamics. At McLaren we have been able to use the Formula 1 techniques and the huge expertise that the company has amassed at the pinnacle of the sport," explained Stephenson.
"All the fins, vents and the flat underbody are there for a reason. No styling addenda have been incorporated for appeal or style alone. This aerodynamic purity explains why this car can hit top speed with great stability without resorting to tea tray wings or deep front air dams. I really feel that the styling communicates the 12C's engineering integrity and technical benefits and it is this purity that makes the design timeless."
The overall design theme supports engineering aerodynamic ambitions. Purity of lines then give the car its character. Successful car design is based on proportions and McLaren's styling team, whilst driven by the demands of the purest airflow, honed a mix of concave and convex surfaces that present balanced proportions and a feeling of lightness. Nothing is out of place on the car and surfaces interact smoothly and with purpose; surfaces that are integrated into the whole of the car along two continuous lines that flow round the body.
The front is very low since it does not have to house large engine cooling radiators, two of which are mounted longitudinally at the sides. This offers the added benefit of segment-leading space for storage under the bonnet.
The 12C's face is dominated by large and distinctive air intakes and bi-xenon headlights with LED running lights inspired by the form of the McLaren logo. The McLaren logo itself also graces the bonnet of a car for the first time.
Illumination from the running lights bleeds into three distinctive gills just above the headlamps. The windscreen is deep and low for superb forward visibility and redolent of the McLaren F1: in wet weather it is swept by a single weight-saving pantograph wiper blade, as was the F1.
Stephenson again: "The 12C does not reproduce the F1 design but it unashamedly builds on its functionally-driven engineering and design highlights such as the large, deep windscreen and the low cowl to give the driver good visibility for accurate placement on the road. Any similarities are there for a reason."
From the side, the 12C cannot be mistaken for another sports car. The dominant side air inlets act as turning vanes and help direct cooling air over the side radiators. This shape was designed and optimised using McLaren's extensive computational fluid dynamics capability. Likewise, the scalloped shoulders drive airflow to the airbrake, thereby enhancing its effectiveness in the aerodynamic package.
The other prevailing design characteristics are the dihedral doors (a hereditary gene from the McLaren F1), which has a clear purpose, like every other element of McLaren's design ethos.
The concept of dihedral doors is simply to allow the driver and passenger to get into and out of the car as easily as possible as well as allowing a smaller door opening than would otherwise be necessary.
The simple act of moving the door forward and upwards invites the driver to step across the sill and sit in the car more easily. In tighter parking situations, dihedral doors allow ingress and egress in a situation where another car has parked too closely. In traditional door systems a huge parking space is necessary to permit the doors to open wide enough.
With its single hinge, the dihedral doors offer weight-saving features and are unique to the McLaren brand. As is the unique handle-free door entry system.
The 12C's rear is unique. It has an aggressive, business-like appearance with its downforce-optimised rear diffuser. The exhaust pipes exit high and in the centre of the car and the rear end is open to ensure efficient evacuation of hot air from the engine bay. The engine itself is visible through the top deck. The LED tail light clusters do not dominate the rear and are hidden behind horizontal black bars. They are only visible when illuminated: the two upper bars light up as LED brake lights and turn indicators.
Aerodynamic efficiency drove the 12C's design. High downforce helps maintain traction, cornering ability and stability while low drag aids top speed and acceleration. It has a completely flat underbody and smooth upper body surfaces to yield a highly effective drag coefficient and generate very high levels of balanced downforce at high speed.
A nose splitter gives more downforce at the front while guide vanes near the front and rear wheels help to increase downforce with minimal drag penalty and direct air towards the all-important diffuser at the rear.
The active Airbrake is another innovation that made its debut on the F1 supercar and was also incorporated into the SLR. It deploys hydraulically under braking, or when the driver wants to trim the car for increased downforce by using a switch on the Active Dynamics Panel.
Under braking, a piston operated by transmission hydraulics raises the Airbrake to a certain angle. Once a small amount of wing angle is pushed into the airflow, the centre of aerodynamic pressure forces the bottom of the 'wing' back. In this way, it raises the airbrake to maximum angle using the 'free' airflow rather than relying on another mechanical device.
The Airbrake moves the centre of pressure of the 12C rearwards, whereas it would normally move forward under braking. It improves yaw stability under braking and allows the brakes to work more effectively due to increased downforce. It is also a weight-saving solution that took almost 50 per cent of weight out of the mechanism.
Overall, the 12C is lower, shorter and narrower than key competitors, but has much shorter front and rear overhangs due to its longer wheelbase - a layout that promotes stability and assists handling response.
Inside: it all starts with the driver
Packaging was fundamental to the McLaren MP4-12C design challenge. Externally, the car had to be compact, yet internally it had to offer an unparalleled driver and passenger environment where comfort and driving enjoyment at all levels were not compromised.
"With the interior, we have created a real step forward in the packaging of a sports car. Moving the driver and passenger closer together improves driving control and moving the pedals improves the problem of wheel well intrusion. We also repackaged many of the major components that normally sit under the dashboard to allow for more space and a unique form. Packaging is one of the 12C's really strong points," said Frank Stephenson.
But the creativity of the interior design itself aimed to set new standards. The whole focus is on making the 12C cockpit a uniquely comfortable and functional space. The design offers a symmetry that wraps around the occupants and makes them feel not only physically, but also emotionally comfortable.
The interior is extremely space efficient and is designed to accommodate 98th percentile adults in comfort. This has been partly achieved by the 7 inch touch screen telematics system oriented in 'portrait' mode. This is a first for the automotive industry and is more intuitive than 'landscape' orientation - we read down a page and our mobile telephones and other personal information devices are configured this way.
This is one of the many reasons the 12C design is able to buck the trend towards ever wider sporting cars. The innovative information centre provides all normal telematics functions such as audio, navigation and telephony, while providing some new features never before seen in a car. Meridian, the renowned producer of state-of-the-art sound systems, is developing its first ever in-car system for the 12C.
McLaren designers paid great attention to all-round visibility for both safety and driving precision.
The low cowl gives a full six degrees downward vision from eye height and, importantly, allows the driver a clear view of the front of the car. The view of the top of the front wings, with the highest point positioned directly above the centre of the wheel, also facilitates perfect placement of the 12C in a corner. Rear vision is excellent too and an internal buttress with a rear three-quarter glass provides a clear rearward view.
The steering wheel is probably the most important sensory item for any driver. Apart from the feel and feedback from the front wheels, the actual grip and design of the wheel itself is paramount. The steering wheel is 'clean' - there are no buttons to distract the driver. It also needs to be small and very tactile.
McLaren designers and engineers found the solution to the steering wheel design challenge under their own roof. Having employed an advanced and compact airbag, the steering wheel design was then inspired by McLaren's racing expertise.
The steering wheel grip of the 12C is as technically precise as a McLaren racing driver's wheel.
This is because past Formula 1 championship-winning drivers' grips were modelled and scanned and the most effective feel and thickness of their wheels was replicated for a high performance road car.
Such attention to detail is to be found throughout the McLaren 12C's interior and the car does not suffer an over abundance of switches, knobs and dials.
The layout and ergonomics of the interior are aided by the 12C's packaging. The driver and passenger sit closer together, giving the driver a better feeling of control for placing the car on the road accurately as well as leaving more room between the driver and the door panel. This allows not only more space for arm movements during hard driving, but also provides space for an additional 'door console'.
Like the McLaren F1, the driver has controls on both sides, which allows for a rational positioning of switches:
  • Climate controls on each door console
  • Telematics on the upper centre console
  • Active Dynamics Panel on the middle centre console
  • Transmission and minor controls on the tunnel console
  • Trip computer and cruise controls on steering column
As such, all groups of controls have their own place and are accessible within a hand's distance from the steering wheel. The instrument cluster has a large central tachometer and digital speed readout. Behind the steering wheel (and moving with it) is a Formula 1-inspired rocker for changing gears. It has been engineered to deliver a Formula 1 haptic. The science of haptics has been applied to all the controls in order to generate a consistent and high quality feel. All the controls are bespoke, designed exclusively by McLaren, and not a single one has come from the parts bin of another manufacturer.
The Active Dynamics Panel provides two rotary switches and four push buttons:
  • 'Start/Stop'
  • 'Active' activates all the dynamic controls.
  • 'Winter' sets powertrain, suspension and electronic aids to maximum driver support.
  • 'Launch' initiates the launch control system.
  • The two rotary switches control 'powertrain' and 'handling', each having three position settings for normal, sport and high performance driving modes.
  • 'Powertrain' changes throttle response, gearbox strategy, shift times and impulse (how much one can feel the gearchange). The coaxial 'Manual' button controls use of manual gearbox functions.
  • 'Handling' changes stability control, steering weight, suspension firmness and roll stiffness. The coaxial 'Aero' button allows the driver to deploy the airbrake for increased downforce.
The supportive, light weight seat is comfortable and electrically-adjustable for height. There is plenty of stowage space in the car with a shelf behind the seats big enough for small bags and a 'floating' centre console that leaves space beneath for a large storage container.
The interior's simplicity belies a world-class level of comfort and safety features that will include a full quota of airbags, fully automatic dual zone climate control, sophisticated telematics and audio systems, parking sensors, trip computer, cruise control and electric memory seats.
Testing and simulation
McLaren has developed one of the most sophisticated driving simulators in the world. It is an immensely powerful tool that can be used to predict handling, performance, and a multitude of other dynamic properties.
The simulator was initially designed to improve the performance of the Formula 1 cars. But it has also been used intensively in the design and development process for the 12C, where modelling offers the opportunity to test likely outcomes without having to build a component that might turn out to be inadequate. It saves both money and time and it is perhaps the most effective technology transfer from Formula 1 to road cars; the handling and suspension of the McLaren MP4-12C was developed using exactly the same tools and techniques as the McLaren Formula 1 cars.
The crash test requirements are a good example of how simulation helps speed up development. Long before the first Carbon MonoCell had been constructed, the design had been through hundreds of passive crash test simulations. When the time came to submit a real world crash test, the 12C passed with flying colours.
"Outside of McLaren, it is almost unknown to meet our standards out of the box," said Dick Glover, "but simulation worked out perfectly for us. It is difficult enough to achieve first time success like this with just a relatively predictable, ductile aluminium structure yet McLaren managed first time out with its MonoCell and added aluminium structures. We are very proud of that."
Simulation didn't stop at the design stage. Although over 20 prototypes have been built for an exhaustive test programme around the globe, the simulator remains a key tool and a differentiator from most competitors.
Different engineering teams have cars undergoing specialized testing including hot weather in Bahrain in the height of the 2009 summer, cold weather testing in the Arctic, engine development, gearbox calibration, electrical testing and ride, handling and durability programmes.
Before the first prototype was available, the dynamic test team, aided by professional racing driver and McLaren test driver Chris Goodwin, tested early parts on the simulator as well as a development chassis and various engine mules. When dynamic testing started, development and constant refinement of engine, gearbox, tyres, aerodynamics, braking, steering and suspension began in earnest to match all projected values and targets.
The testing programme moved into a more 'aggressive' phase following the principles of Formula 1 testing where a car and dozens of people maximise track time during the day and work on improvements overnight. The principle is 'why test one thing when you can do ten'. Prototypes went to a test track for six weeks with all the experts and suppliers. The car followed a rigorous regime of testing almost 24 hours a day, seven days a week for six weeks. This turbocharged programme accelerated the development time.
Production
The production process for the McLaren MP4-12C will enable McLaren to build on its recent success of record production volumes and quality for a luxury supercar with the SLR.
The McLaren Production System brings a large scale lean production mentality into a small-scale, flexible operation. The process is championed by Production Director, Alan Foster's experiences at Japanese and European car manufacturers.
"Quality is the most important thing to customers," said Foster, "and quality management is a fundamental part of building a McLaren. For my team it is an absolute passion. It doesn't matter whether a customer is spending ten thousand pounds or a million, it is their money and they rightly expect to have pride in their purchase and be satisfied with it. Our goal is to ensure that we exceed customers' expectations," he concluded.
12C volumes will remain low, but will require a change of mindset for McLaren's production line teams as the company moves to higher volumes. But the build process will still focus on craftsmanship, a hand-built philosophy but with a lot of science behind it. Quality gates will ensure that a car cannot leave a work station until everything is completed perfectly.
McLaren will maintain its high standards of final approval before a car can be released.
The build of prototypes has already proven the robustness of this approach because investment in the manufacturing assembly fixtures that will actually be used in production has already prepared the team and shown the build process to be on track. The 12C station cycle times have already been reduced by almost a further 20 per cent through knowledge gained from building the prototypes. In short, the risk has been removed from the production process so that final production quality will be guaranteed.
Aftersales, retail distribution, personalisation
Not only is McLaren establishing a new company, a new production plant, an all-new high performance sports car engineered and developed in house... it is also building a global network of retail distribution partners.
This small number of super operators will deliver the dedication and purposefulness necessary to ensure an ownership experience for the 12C that is as good as the car itself.
Ease of repairability, low-cost of servicing and maintenance, and availability of parts are of paramount importance to this customer relationship and have been key targets since the beginning of the 12C project. McLaren aims to offer segment leading performance here too. The principle being that a high performance sports car should not just be a pleasure to drive, but also to own; a car that is efficient to run and own retains its residual value and ensures its owner becomes a repeat purchaser.
Early planning indicates that 25 per cent of sales will be made in the UK, 25 per cent in the USA and the remainder to the rest of the world, notably Germany and mainland Europe, the Middle East and some Far Eastern countries. Although the McLaren MP4-12C has a comprehensive standard specification, customers for such an exclusive car want to have the ability to specify bespoke items, interiors and special equipment for their own car. McLaren has extensive experience of meeting these needs for McLaren F1 and SLR customers.
For example, the 12C will be available in a broad range of exterior paint colours and interior colours and configurations, while carbon fibre components and lightweight forged wheels will reduce weight yet further.
McLaren MP4-12C Technical Specification
  • Drivetrain layout: Longitudinal mid-engine, RWD
  • Engine configuration: V8 twin turbo
  • Engine material: Aluminium block and cylinder heads
  • Oiling: Dry sump
  • Compression ratio: 8.7:1
  • Valvetrain: 32-valve, DOHC, dual VVT
  • Redline: 8,500 rpm
  • Bore x Stroke: 93 x 69.9 mm
  • Engine displacement: 3799 cc
  • Power: 600 PS / 592 bhp @ 7000 rpm
  • Torque: 600 Nm / 443 lb-ft @ 3000-7000 rpm
  • PS per litre: 158
  • Transmission: 7 Speed SSG with Pre-Cog
  • Body structure: Carbon fibre MonoCell with aluminum front and rear frames
  • Wheelbase: 2670 mm
  • Track
    • Front: 1656 mm
    • Rear: 1583 mm
  • Length: 4507 mm
  • Width: 1909 mm
  • Height: 1199 mm
  • DIN weight: 1434 kg / 3161 lbs
  • Dry weight: 1336 kg / 2945 lbs
  • Dry weight with lightweight options: 1301 kg / 2868 lbs
  • Weight distribution at DIN
    • Front: 42.5%
    • Rear: 57.5%
  • Active aerodynamics: McLaren Airbrake
  • Suspension: ProActive Chassis Control
  • ProActive Chassis Control modes: Winter / Normal / Sport / Track
  • Powertrain modes: Winter / Normal / Sport / Track
  • Brakes: Cast iron discs with forged aluminum hubs (F 370mm / R 350 mm)
  • Wheel sizes
    • Front: 19" x 8.5" J
    • Rear: 20" x 11" J
  • Tyres: Pirelli PZero
    • Front: 235/35 R19
    • Rear: 305/30 R20
  • Maximum speed: 330 km/h (205 mph)
  • 0-100 km/h (62 mph): 3.3 s
  • 0-200 km/h (124 mph): 9.1 s
  • 0-400 m / ¼ mile: 10.9 s @ 216 kph (134 mph)
  • 0-1000 m: 19.6 s @ 272 kph
  • Braking
    • 200-0 km/h: 123 m
    • 100-0 km/h: 30.5 m
    • 62-0 mph: 100 ft
    • 124-0 mph: 403 ft
  • Power to weight: 461 PS (455 bhp) per tonne
  • CO2: 279 g/km
  • Fuel consumption (combined): 11.7 l/100 km / 24.2 mpg (UK)

Sabtu, 05 November 2011

Bugatti Veyron Bleu Centenaire

Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S. presents the Bugatti Veyron Bleu Centenaire at the 2009 Geneve Motor Show, a special commission honouring the 100th anniversary of the company, thus initiating a range of worldwide activities celebrating the creation of this mythic brand a hundred years ago. In addition Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport is shown for the first time to a wider public in Europe.
Hundred years of Bugatti

In 1909 Ettore Bugatti started his business in the Alsacian town of Molsheim, France. The name of the company: „Ettore Bugatti Automobiles i.Els.". And although the name has changed into "Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S.", the site and the philosophy of the brand have been preserved. In 2006 the first model under the „new management" was launched, precisely 50 years after the last car of the original company left the gates of the Molsheim factory. The Bugatti Veyron has only been on the market for three years, but has already reached the status of being an undisputed part of automotive history, with 250 cars ordered to date, and nearly 200 cars delivered. This means that there are only 50 Veyrons to be sold until the limit of 300 units will be reached.
The Bugatti Veyron Bleu Centenaire
Building on the marque's core values of « Art - Forme - Technique » , Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S. has created the Bugatti Veyron Bleu Centenaire, a unique model to celebrate the hundred year old history of the company. This special model takes up the traditional Bugatti two-tone-specification, but portrays it in one rather than two colours: in the most known light shaded Bugatti blue. The Centenaire's unique combination of a « sprintblue matt » and « sprintblue gloss » hence offers a new impression of the two-tone-scheme known so far with parts of the engine also covered in this traditional Bugatti Blue.

The roof-trim-stripes and the exterior rearview mirrors are of polished, anodised aluminium. A special wheel design has been added - enhanced by a bright red brake-capillar. The grills at the front and at the side air intakes are in « mirror shine ».
The interior of the Centenaire is fitted in a special «snowbeige» leather with quilting on the seats. The central console is covered in the same leather. New LED lights, Park Distance Control and a rearview camera have become part of the standard equipment for all Bugatti Veyrons from this year onwards. The Bugatti Veyron Bleu Centenaire shares all performance characteristics of other Veyron models performance-, acceleration- and deceleration characteristics which have been highly praised ever since the Bugatti Veyron first appeared on the scene. The car will cost 1,35 Million Euro exclusive taxes and transportation.

Kamis, 20 Oktober 2011

Lancia Thema

The new Lancia Thema and Voyager are making their debuts. These are the first two models emerging from the alliance between Lancia and Chrysler, which by now have become a single identity founded on the same will to excel in the future and on the values engraved in their respective century-old histories: design and innovation.
Therefore, this is a significant moment in the history of two brands that have written some of the most important pages in international automotive history. This is why a place full of charm was chosen to present the two cars to the international media: Piazza Carignano in Turin, where the monumental Palazzo Carignano stands. It is the seat of the first Italian parliament and symbol of the Italian unification born 150 years ago. The adventure of a new automotive dynasty embodying the best of two industrial cultures today is starting off from the same temple of Italian unification. The exuberant style, flair for delivering a "stress-free experience and functionality all associated with the Chrysler brand are coupled with the Italian taste, innovation and technological efficiency and attention to the tiniest details that have always distinguished Lancia.

Today as always, the same desire to offer a true alternative in the respective market segments is at the heart of the two new models. With a heritage of values in its DNA, Lancia appears to be favoured over other brands for its ability to interpret this new world of exclusiveness and to meet the needs of a customer more attentive to technology, who demands not only a substantial product, but also a distinctive and unique style. Besides, whoever chooses a Lancia vehicle starts a new trend because he follows only his own personality. The new Thema and Voyager, statements of a concrete value Lancia is introducing to the market for the first time, have been created for this customer. This value is not meant as innovation into itself, but as technology "at the service" of driver and passengers, offered at an accessible price and above all free from excess and what is superfluous.
This is how Lancia is winning back the turf of exclusivity that has always belonged to it. This affirmation is backed by a century-old history peppered with innovation and records. One of the widest ranges on the international scene stands proof to it. It starts with segment B (new Ypsilon), continues with the mid-sized segment (new Delta and Musa), and is completed with the flagship (new Thema), the Large MPVs (new Voyager) and, soon to come, the alluring segment D convertibles (new Flavia Cabrio).
The new Lancia Thema and Voyager are therefore the first concrete example of how it is possible to join two worlds so geographically distant yet so close in their essence. This perfect alchemy expertly combines the American exterior shape embellished with interiors clearly marked by Italian taste; powerful engines according to the best American tradition "abated" by European eco-friendly efficiency; typically American large dimensions combined with Italian expertise in compact cars; "stars and stripes" comfort and versatility enhanced by exceptional European handling. In short, Granturismo returns on the roads of the world. It is a term that means travelling at the wheel of a powerful, comfortable, elegant, and never exaggerated car. Like a Lancia. A style that does not like to show off, but prefers discretion. Mechanics designed to excel in performance, safety and driving pleasure. A cutting-edge technology that does not flaunt, but that gives the maximum of on-board wellbeing to ensure the best travelling possible.

And so the new Lancia Thema, the first global flagship that brings together the best of two worlds by combining the expertise and functionality distinctive of the Chrysler brand with the luxury of Poltrona Frau® leather interiors, the cocooning silence of the large Lancias and the attention to detail that express the best of Italian design.
Five metres long, 1.5 metres high, 1.9 metres wide and with a wheelbase of 3 metres, the Lancia Thema was designed based on the new Chrysler 300, in turn created on the Chrysler Group LX rear wheel drive platform, and like its predecessor in 1984, it is ready to take on the toughest and most prestigious segment, striving to offer a genuine alternative. To achieve this objective, in addition to a style brimming with a strong personality, the new car offers a passenger compartment that is a true best-in-class living room in terms of level of quiet, embellished with quality materials that make it warm and exclusive, far from the cold and rational surfaces of other cars of its segment.
Corresponding to elegance of character is the largest wealth of features ever offered in the safety field. In fact, there are more than 70 systems installed on the new Lancia flagship, including the Adaptive Speed Control (ACC) that adjusts the speed and automatically brakes to maintain the safety distance and the "Blind Spot Detection" that signals entry of a vehicle into the blind spot.

Contributing to making the Lancia Thema the new paradigm of the segment are also the sun roof, the largest in its market segment, and the U-Connect system with 8.4" touchscreen, the largest of its category. Designed to supply power and efficiency in town traffic and during long journeys, the Lancia flagship offers two different 6-cylinder engine versions, both with automatic transmission and rear-wheel drive: the powerful Pentastar V6 3.6 litre petrol engine delivering 286 HP, combined with an innovative 8-speed ZF automatic gearbox, and a latest generation V6 3.0 litre turbo diesel engine in two power levels (190 HP and 239 HP).
So if the Lancia Thema marks a new chapter in the legendary history of the large Lancia saloons, the new Voyager is the evolution of a Chrysler invention born in 1984 that radically changed motoring language by adding a new word and creating a new world: MPV (Multi-Purpose Vehicle).
Since then 27 years have elapsed, more than 13 million units have been sold in 120 countries around the world and thousands of experiences, solutions and ideas have been accumulated that lie behind the renowned expertise of Chrysler in this market segment. Today, thanks to the alliance between the two brands, the American model "meets" Italian style to blend into a new automotive form that unites Chrysler's expertise for travelling with Lancia's for driving pleasure, on-board wellbeing, quiet in the passenger compartment and Italian design. The result is the best Voyager ever, a top-of-the-range MPV that takes up the baton from the Lancia Phedra to write another page in the history of this category.
The benchmark in the segment of large MPVs, the new Voyager boasts generous dimensions. It is 5.21 metres long, 1.99 m wide, 1.75 m high and has a wheelbase of approximately 3.1 metres. - These features are matched by a passenger compartment that is the largest and most versatile in its class. It can comfortably accommodate up to 7 people and, thanks to the Stow 'n Go® system patented by Chrysler, frees up all the space needed for rear passengers and their luggage, without having to remove any seats.
With these records the Lancia Voyager adds the secrets of Italian hospitality. It is in fact a car that welcomes its guests with good taste, warmth and generosity. Proof of that is found both in the outstanding level of quiet achieved and in the precious Nappa interiors, from the elegant Nappa leather upholstery to the workmanship level of care found in the smallest details. Furthermore, the special suspension system ensures excellent travelling comfort combined with a dynamic behaviour always ready and accurate.
The new Voyager boasts an elegant, convivial and protective atmosphere in which you always feel at ease like at home. This sensation is also confirmed by the sophisticated entertainment system for the rear passengers that, thanks to two 9" LCD screens with remote control and wireless headphones, can enjoy a movie, listen to a music CD or have fun with their favourite videogames.
Lancia Voyager is the new MPV that turns the concept of a simple "means of transport" into a rich travel experience. That is because a "great trip" is not just leaving and arriving, but is instead a continuous string of emotions. Just to further enhance your travelling experience, the new Lancia MPV offers the lively 163 HP Diesel 2.8L and the powerful 283 HP 3.6 litre engines.
Style: classic shapes and powerful lines
The Lancia flagship with rear wheel drive boasts generous dimensions - measuring 5066 mm long, 1488 mm high, 1902 wide and with a wheelbase of 3052 mm - and offers the classic proportions developed according to a style brimming with a strong personality.
On the front end, the grille merges the Lancia logo and the horizontal bars expressing precision and formal rigour into a single pattern. The chrome-plated finishes of the bars and the outline of the logo create a peculiar contrast inside the frame, also chrome-plated.
To highlight how attention to style and functionality go hand in hand on the new Lancia Thema, just think of the bi-xenon headlights with adaptive front lighting (AFL) created for lighting the curves that loom ahead. The stylish scalloped lower edge accentuates this important function, giving the headlight perimeter an unmistakable character. The LED daylights beside the headlights create an exclusive C-shape, giving it an unmistakable presence on the road.
The sculpted shape of the Lancia Thema's bonnet merges with the band and front wings to create a set of clean and refined lines. In detail, the characteristic lines on the bonnet converge toward the front wings while a slightly sculpted centre toothing testifies to the attention to detail. What's more, the pronounced angle of the windscreen guarantees an aerodynamic effect and the slim pillars enable the driver to benefit from excellent visibility.
With the new two-panel panoramic sunroof, the largest of its class, the new Thema's passengers can now allow natural light to pour into both the front and the back, taking advantage of an external view double that of a normal sunroof. The Lancia Thema stands out for the marked kick plates and body side showing off a clean style, characterised by an exposed flared line that highlights the silhouette of the saloon and the spaciousness of the passenger compartment. The marked wing lines, raised with respect to the bonnet and tailgate surfaces, connect the front and rear parts.
When looking at the profile, the high waistline reveals the classic proportions of the bodyshell while the smaller size of the pillars and the presence of a fixed side window on the rear doors contribute to improving external visibility. The new Thema is characterised by the convex structure of the doors stylishly embellished with chrome-plated mouldings. The triple seals of the doors impeccably fitted ensure an unprecedented quietness inside.
The chrome-plated mirrors have been developed to ensure an excellent aerodynamic performance thanks to the addition of a self-darkening rear view mirror (driver's and passenger side), the Blind Spot Monitoring (BSM) visual indicator and the Rear Cross Path (RCP) system. The mirrors are also equipped with a LED direction indicator emanating light along the vehicle profile for greater safety.
Unmistakably pronounced although nearly imperceptible, the lines of the shoulder refer to the front and rear wheel arch shape. And thanks to its 20" aluminium wheels, the new Lancia Thema seems to be even more "flattened" to the ground, which underscores its high road grip qualities.
Rounding off the Lancia Thema's outstanding finishing, the end of the tailgate sports a built-in spoiler with the centrally Lancia logo sitting proudly below. The two harmoniously designed LED tail lights are linked by a chrome-plated fascia which underlines the class of the new flagship. Crossed by the vertical tail light clusters, the Thema's rear band is equipped with a chrome support that links the elements of the rear lights. The oval twin tailpipes represent a detail that perfectly blends in with the rest of the vehicle to elegantly complete its styling and to herald its performance on the road.
Quality: new standards and Italian class
Elegance, comfort and quality: the new Lancia Thema combines segment-leading standards with the unmistakable comfort and class that have always set Lancia cars apart.
With the new flagship, the brand is interpreting the theme of the great saloon of prestige according to its chromosomes. Chromosomes that come from the typically Italian craftsmanship that expertly uses prestigious materials not only based on their looks, but also on the sensory reactions they are able to give. And that's not all. The new Thema boasts a top-level construction quality thanks to the use of the most up-to-date industrial technologies.
Refined interiors in keeping with the best of Italian design
The Lancia Thema's interiors are distinguished by the use of soft touch materials, luxury interior trims with the option of seats in Nappa leather and a Poltrona Frau® leather-clad dashboard, as well as real wood inserts on the centre console, panels, doors and steering wheel (in two-tone leather on the Executive version). In addition, the instrument panels are treated with the cast skin technique, making it similar to leather, while the panel surfaces of the 3D double grain emphasize the aesthetic and flexibility qualities.
In order to guarantee "best-in-class" comfort, the new seats have been designed with new architecture which includes serpentine spring suspension. The front seats offer four-way lumbar adjustment with up/down and front/back direction actuators and density adjuster in the lower part of the seats, in the backrest and upholstery for even greater comfort during the adjustment. A stiffer foam material is used in the side upholstery to achieve greater lateral containment, while a foam with less intensity is used in the lower part of the seats and in the backrest to increase comfort during long journeys.
All the front seats have backrests with a sculpted shape, which provide about 20 cm more space for the knees of back seat passengers besides improving its appearance. The seat guides are located at the end of the base, in this way ensuring more rear passenger foot room. The front seats are equipped with reactive headrests that mechanically move forward in the event of a rear collision.
The dashboard is enhanced by discreet chrome finishing and by a dashboard with double cluster featuring Sapphire Blue lighting, a colour also used for the passenger compartment LED lighting. Standing out in the middle of the dashboard is the biggest touchscreen radio of its class (available as standard) that offers the Lancia Thema's passengers high quality connectivity. Thanks to a 8.4" colour touchscreen, the new Uconnect Touch (8.4 and 8.4N) models contain next-generation infotainment technologies and new on-board technologies offering practical functionality as ever. These technologies include the Garmin® navigation system with innovative functions; the Uconnect system with voice commands and Bluetooth®; an SD card reader compatible with music files in MP3/WMA format; a USB port with iPod® command; a single DVD and CD player with reading of MP3/WMA formats; dual zone climate control commands; and an AM/FM radio.
For the Thema comfort does not mean only space, silence and technology, but also the convenience of stowing away items. The central armrest was specially created to guarantee its optimum use as it can be slid lengthwise. A sliding tray in opaque flocked rubber, another flocked compartment plus power connectors for connecting personal peripheral devices are reached from the storage compartment under the armrest. The two front cup holders have a roller closing and are equipped with Sapphire Blue LED light rings and object locking devices to block drink holders of various sizes. On request, cooled/heated cup holders illuminated by intuitive colours (bright blue for cold and red for hot) are available.
Some large bottle supports and granular structure surfaces are built into the oversize pockets on all the doors, while a storage compartment located forward with respect to the automatic transmission surface provides access to a rubber mat with flocked surface and internal lighting. There is also a roomy glove compartment with central lighting providing a more uniform light distribution and an upper shelf to place the owner handbook.
Dedicated teams to achieve the highest levels of quality
We draw major impressions when we look at and touch the passenger compartment of a car, when looking at its details, sitting down on the seats, grasping the steering wheel, and when assessing the pleasantness of the surroundings and the quality of the upholstery and finishes. All of this is called "perceived quality". The opinion drawn from it is the summation of a thousand different characteristics, from the shape of the objects to the materials with which they are made and the individual colours and combination to the tactile sensations we get. All of these stimuli contribute to giving the final perception to an equal extent.
The Lancia Thema is one of the first vehicles produced by the Fiat-Chrysler Group to be examined by a special company team that during the digital design process examined "perceived quality" from the point of view of the most demanding customers. The team achieved this by working in close contact with designers and engineers in order to improve the assembly and finishes, the quality of the surfaces and materials, besides the acoustic quality of moving parts like the doors and compartments.
An example? Attention devoted to the roller closing that covers the front cup holders. Not only has this closing been optimised in terms of styling and assembly, but also for that which concerns the sense of refinement and the sound that it emits when closed and opened. Given that there are some elements that some customers would prefer not to touch, the Lancia Thema is characterised by a fuel flap without cap that opens simply by pressing a button.
The same care is given to the choice of materials, as demonstrated by the walnut and the leather of the steering wheel that are polished and hand-sewn respectively. Also the stitchings are strategically placed in very specific points with the aim of eliminating any roughness that can come into contact with the driver's hands.
The final result is a passenger compartment of superior quality, also thanks to the work performed at the plant in Brampton (Toronto, Canada) where the new Thema is produced. The plant has recently been renovated according to the principles of World Class Manufacturing (WCM), the international method of production cycle organisation that embraces all the plant processes: from safety and environment to maintenance, logistics and quality. The goal is to continuously improve production performance while seeking to gradually eliminate waste in order to guarantee product quality and maximum flexibility in meeting the customer's demands through the involvement and motivation of the people working at the plants.
Specifically, a new Metrology Centre was set up in Brampton to further improve the new Lancia Thema's quality. It is used for the entire Fiat production system. Extending over a surface area of more than 3,200 square metres, the Centre measures and validates the geometry of the bodyshell. To be emphasised is that the tools available to the Metrology Centre are used to test the resistance of the entire plate structure of the vehicle at the minimum tolerances (minimum like the diameter of a human hair) with the aim of identifying any deviations between the product and process.
Performance: power and efficiency
Designed to supply power and efficiency in town traffic and during long journeys, the new Lancia Thema offers two different 6-cylinder engine versions, all with automatic transmission and rear-wheel drive. The Pentastar V6 3.6 litre petrol engine delivers 286 HP, and has an 8-speed automatic transmission. The V6 3.0 litre Multijet II diesel engine is available in two power levels: 190 HP and 239 HP, both with 5-speed automatic transmission.
286 HP 3.6-litre V6 Pentastar
The new 3.6-litre V6 Pentastar engine by the Chrysler Group is produced entirely in aluminium at 60°, and is available on all trim levels.
The engine has double overhead camshafts (DOHC) with independent double camshaft with timing, integrated exhaust manifolds, piston skirts covered with polymeric materials, forged steel connecting rods, and 60° die-cast aluminium crankcase. The engine delivers 286 HP (210 kW) of power at 6350 rpm and torque of 340 Nm at 4650 rpm.
Together with the Variable Valve Timing (VVT), the two camshafts on the upper part of the head with high flow intake and exhaust valves offer optimum volumetric and fuel efficiency in the entire load and rpm interval. What results is an exceptionally flat torque curve with high specific power. The maximum engine torque is delivered in a wide range with 90% achieved at a speed falling between 1800 and 6350 rpm, offering customers outstanding driving and reactivity features.
More specifically, this six-cylinder engine has CO2 emissions of 219 g/km (combined cycle fuel consumption: 9.4 l/100 km) thanks to new technological innovations introduced in observance of the Euro 5 regulations. This equipment level allows the new Thema to achieve a top speed of 240 km/h and acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h in just 7.7 seconds. This result is also partly thanks to the new automatic ZF 8-speed gearbox.
Sophistication of the single components was a key goal during the engine design phase, achieved by using state-of-the-art computer-aided design techniques. The structural intake and exhaust zones of the engine have been designed to reduce the noise levels and to attain specific goals regarding perceptible quality, in this way meeting the expectations of attentive customers. Structural rigidity is guaranteed by using four bolts on the main bearing supports side by side with another two additional bolts secured transversely. A structural bulkhead in the oil sump contributes to improving rigidity and supplying more power.
Designed in compliance with environmental criteria, the Pentastar 3.6-litre V6 engine does not require the use of lead during its manufacturing stages and is fitted with an eco-friendly oil filtering system. The integrated radiator/oil filtering system uses a filtering element that can be burnt instead of disposed of in a landfill like the traditional filtering systems. The use of standard mineral oil-based long-life spark plugs and a direct ignition system with high energy distribution reduces maintenance costs.
The new 3.6-litre V6 Pentastar engine is produced at the Chrysler Group LLC plants in Trenton, Michigan (USA), the first Chrysler plant to win the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) award.
190 HP and 239 HP 3.0L Multijet II V6
The Euro 5 diesel engine - built by VM Motori and developed together with Fiat Powertrain -delivers 190 HP at 4000 rpm and 239 HP at 4000 rpm. The new 3.0 V6 engine is equipped with 5-speed automatic transmission. The 239 HP version has a maximum torque of 550 Nm at 1800-2800 rpm, while the 190 HP version has a maximum torque of 440 Nm at 1600-2800 rpm. The CO2 emissions total 185 g/km and combined cycle fuel consumption is 7.1 l/100km for both versions. This equipment level allows the new Lancia Thema to achieve a top speed of 230 km/h and acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h in 7.8 seconds (239 HP) and 9.7 seconds (190 HP).
In taking a closer look, the new 3.0-litre turbodiesel engine is a compact 60-degree graphite cast iron block with aluminium heads and structural aluminium oil sump in two elements. The bore is 83 mm and the stroke is 92 mm. Total displacement is 2987 cm3. Bore distance is 96 mm.
Compact and lightweight, the new engine is 695 mm long, 729 mm wide and 697.5 mm high. The total weight of the new engine is 230 kg.
The engine block has a new architecture with reinforced structure that comprises a crankcase able give the crankshaft a rigid support. This in turn contributes to reducing, on the whole, the noise of the reciprocating lower components and to improving quietness, vibrations and rigidity.
The aluminium oil sump in two elements is designed to provide resistance and improve the quietness of the engine in order to increase the structural rigidity of the engine block. The crankcase has a 7.7-litre capacity.
The heads are made of aluminium and are the twin overhead camshaft type with chain drive and four valves per cylinder. The intake and exhaust valves have diameters of 28 mm and 24.5 mm, respectively. The combustion chamber volume is 24.68 cm3.
The forged steel crankshaft is supported by four bearings equipped with main supports with four holes incorporated in the crankcase. Balanced on the outside, the crankshaft is 442.2 mm long. This feature made it possible to reduce the engine configuration requirements on the whole. The cast iron connecting rods have a total length of 162.9 mm.
The shell cast aluminium pistons are lightweight and have been redesigned so as to minimize friction. The compression ratio of the new diesel engine is 16.5:1 and provides a cleaner combustion while at the same time ensuring more power.
The main bearing supports are lead-free to guarantee less environmental impact both during production and during the later engine recycling phases.
The induction system includes the turbulence control system to optimise combustion. Fitted between the intake system and the combustion chamber, turbulence control supplies the best flow of air through the combustion chamber to optimise the engine's efficiency and reduce exhaust emissions.
The 1800 bar common rail injection system ensures the exact fuel supply. Thanks to the new MultiJet II technology, which makes use of a special balanced solenoid valve, the new injector is capable of making up to 8 injection per cycle with the possibility of managing the two main injections in a single modular profile (IRS - Injection Rate Shaping) thus guaranteeing a reduction in consumption and polluting emissions of approximately 2% compared to a traditional injector and ensuring a drastic reduction in noise levels.
The new 3.0-litre diesel engine uses a single variable geometry Garrett VGT 2056 turbocharger with air/air Intercooler able to supply an almost immediate response.
5 and 8-speed automatic transmission
The new Lancia Thema is equipped with the tried and tested W5A580 five-speed automatic transmission on the diesel engines and the 8R45 eight-speed automatic transmission developed by ZF combined with the 3.6-litre V6 Pentastar engine. This latter transmission is particularly characterised by an exceptionally smooth gear change, very low fuel consumption and response time, making it one of best sports automatic transmissions available on the market.
The higher total transmission ratio and the shorter travel distances of the gears, in particular the first and second, contribute to rapid accelerations. A lower number of "heavy" of gear sets also ensures reliable operation.
Furthermore, 200 thousandths of a second is the time the 8-speed automatic transmission takes to change from one gear to another, which ensures exceptional driving pleasure, efficiency and ultimate comfort. Not even a professional driver changes gears with this speed.
The AutoStick function allows the driver to engage a higher or lower gear, while calibration of the transmission controller prevents the engine from over-revving. An adaptive electronic control for all gearshift types increases engine response, thereby reducing its rigidity. The final drive ratio of the Thema is equal to 2.65, supplying high efficiency both about town and on longer journeys.
Safety times 70
The Lancia Thema offers 70 advanced preventive, active and passive safety features. The main devices and systems on board the Lancia flagship are described below.
Active safety
A constant, predictable handling of the car that compensates for any mistakes by the driver, allowing critical situations to be tackled effortlessly, is a fundamental requirement for achieving high active safety. In this field the Lancia Thema comes with not only an excellent braking system, but also the most sophisticated electronic dynamic control devices available today.
Antilock Braking System (ABS): detects and prevents the wheels from locking by acting independently on all four wheels, improving steering control in extreme braking conditions and/or on slippery surfaces (standard);
Antilock braking system with bumpy road detection: this system is able to detect if the vehicle is travelling on rough roads based on the oscillations of the speed signals of the wheels. When a rough road or slippery stretch is detected, the ABS activates a slightly different pressure control that maintains brake pressure in the event of prolonged pressure (standard);
Traction control at all speeds: it is part of the ABS system as standard and aids preventing the drive wheels from slipping during acceleration from standstill or at all speeds by using the brakes on the single wheels or in combination with the engine torque limiting device (standard);
Speed and safety distance control (ACC): the system reduces the Lancia Thema's set cruise speed when it approaches another vehicle in the same lane or when another vehicle enters the same lane. The system returns to the set speed when the vehicle in front accelerates or moves to another lane. The ACC maintains the distance set by the driver between the two vehicles, thus allowing the Cruise Control to be used also in light traffic, without having to continuously modify the settings;
Braking Traction Control System (BTCS): it reduces the risk of the drive wheels slipping during acceleration from standstill or at a low speed by using the brakes on the single wheels in the event of slipping (standard);
Braking assistance: the system applies maximum braking power in emergency braking situations, thus ensuring the minimum stopping distance (standard);
Braking redefinition: the brake signal sends the engine controller a signal that reduces engine power when there are contrasting impulses between the accelerator and brake, allowing the driver to stop the Thema (standard);
Electronic Stability Control (ESC): it increases the driver's control of the vehicle to allow him to maintain a stable direction in all driving conditions. It is useful in critical situations, when cornering and when driving on mixed surfaces in the presence of snow, ice or gravel for example. If a difference between the driver's action on the steering wheel and the vehicle path is detected, the ESC applies selective braking and then restores the accelerator's action, returning the vehicle to the speed the driver wants (standard);
Hill-start Assist (HSA): it prevents the Thema from moving back by maintaining the braking pressure applied by the driver for a brief period after he removes his foot from the brake pedal, in this way helping the driver when starting off uphill from a standstill (standard).
Preventive safety
From climate control inside the passenger compartment and external lighting to the infotainment connection and parking assistance: the Lancia Thema steps in to always ensure utmost peace of mind and prevention, whatever the situation may be.
Blind Spot Monitoring (BSM): it uses ultra broadband radar sensors that assist the driver during lane changes and when the Thema is overtaken or overtakes vehicles concealed from view. The system notifies the driver of the presence of a vehicle in the blind spots with illuminated icons on the side mirrors and by activating an acoustic signal selected by the driver;
Forward Collision Warning (FCW): the radar sensors located in the front direction are used by the device to check if the vehicle is approaching the vehicle travelling in front of it too quickly and, if necessary, to send a signal to the driver so he can take steps to avoid an accident;
Adaptive Forward Lighting (AFL): this system externally adjusts the headlight beam up to 15 degrees to the right or to the left, depending on the direction of rotation of the vehicle (standard);
Automatic Demisting: this allows the automatic temperature control system (ATC) of the Lancia Thema to measure the humidity level inside the vehicle and automatically demist the windscreen without any intervention by the driver (standard);
Automatic headlights: system able to detect decreased lighting conditions (also while going through tunnels) that automatically activates the headlights without any intervention by the driver (standard);
Automatic windscreen wipers: convenient device that automatically detects the presence of humidity on the Thema's windscreen and activates the windscreen wipers (standard on Platinum and Executive);
Daytime Running Lights (DRL): LED daylights that comply with current legal regulations (standard);
LED Daytime Running Lights (DRL): greater forward lighting to make the vehicle more visible with harmonious and effective lighting (standard);
LED taillights: equipped with double lighting harmoniously and effectively integrated in the rear light cluster by way of the single lighting LEDs (standard);
High-intensity discharge headlights (HID): they supply lighting three times greater than the quantity of light produced by traditional headlamps, considerably improving night lighting (standard);
SmartBeam headlights®: the headlight system adapts to the light of the surrounding environment and to the arriving traffic in order to supply maximum lighting (standard for Platinum and Executive);
Ready Alert Braking: device able to predict if the driver is starting emergency braking, and it uses the ESC pump to move the brake pads closer to the rotors and reduce the time required for applying the brakes (standard);
Rain Brake Support: this system uses the pump of the electronic stability control system (ESC) to slightly push the brake pads toward the rotors of the brakes when it rains to keep them dry, thus ensuring excellent braking performance on wet surfaces (standard);
Rear Cross Path Detection (RCP): the device informs the driver when it detects arriving traffic during reversing to leave a parking space. It is enabled when the reverse gear is engaged. The system notifies the driver of the presence of vehicles coming from behind with illuminated icons on the side mirrors and by activating an acoustic signal selected by the driver;
ParkSense® rear parking assistance system: this system helps detect still objects during reverse parking at low speed. It emits acoustic signals for the driver and is equipped with a screen inserted in the instrument panel in the onboard computer (EVIC), standard;
ParkView® rear reverse camera: it offers a wide-angle view of the area immediately behind the vehicle on the screen of the navigation system, thus allowing the driver to reverse with greater peace of mind. A grid to use as reference for parking manoeuvres in limited spaces and narrow zones is displayed on the screen. The image is displayed on the Uconnect Touch screen when reverse is engaged (standard);
Keyless Enter-N-Go: several electronic sensors detect the presence of the remote control included in the key when getting into the Lancia Thema. At this point, you can press the starting button without having to insert the ignition key (the driver must press the brake pedal when starting the vehicle); standard;
Electrically adjustable and telescopic steering column with memorising function: it allows the steering column to be tilted and its height to be adjusted to the driver in order to optimize the driver's comfort (standard for Platinum and Executive);
Tyre Pressure Monitoring (TPM): the driver is informed that the tyre pressure is too low. The pressure sensor modules inside the valve stem of the four wheels send radio frequency signals to a receiver and the system. The information on the pressure of the single tyres can be displayed on the on-board computer (EVIC) (standard);
BeltAlert: it activates an acoustic signal and/or displays an icon on the instrument panel to remind the driver and passenger to fasten their seat belts when the front seat occupants of the Thema travel without having fastened their seat belts (standard);
Auto-reverse sunroof: advanced detection system that in the event of any obstacles is automatically activated to reverse sunroof movement to the opening position;
Electric windows with quick control: electric front windows with quick opening and closing control by pressure located on the front doors, both driver's side and passenger side (standard);
Intelligent Battery Sensor (IBS): device that continuously measures the flow of current going into and leaving the battery. If the battery is running down, the system intelligently disables the less critical electric systems to prevent the customer from remaining on foot because the battery is discharged or flat. An icon appears on the instrument panel when the IBS executes an automatic charge lightening (standard);
Garmin® navigation system: maps easy to consult with voice instructions, more than six million points of interest and lane instructions;
Uconnect® Touch: it offers exceptional infotainment functions and advanced on-board technologies to keep passengers connected, safe and completely comfortable (standard);
Uconnect Voice Command: on-board communication system with voice activation that allows the driver to use a Bluetooth compatible mobile phone while keeping his hands on the steering and without taking his eyes off the road. The phonebook is automatically downloaded and up to 1,000 items are synchronised the first time the Bluetooth mobile phone is connected. Afterwards, they can be selected by simply saying the corresponding name. It also allows the driver to select one of the available radio modes and to tune AM/FM stations using natural voice commands. The hands-free option preserves safety, freedom of movement and flexibility (standard);
PowerNet: new electric architecture of the Lancia Thema for connectivity between the different advanced technologies and options for on-board personalisation (standard);
Active direction indicators: the direction indicator flashes three times when the lever is activated for one second to indicate a lane change (standard);
External self-darkening rear view mirror (driver's side): detects and reduces any dazzling created by the headlights of vehicles behind without any intervention by the driver (standard);
Internal self-darkening rear view mirror: detects and reduces any dazzling created by the headlights of vehicles behind without any intervention by the driver (standard);
Mirrors with additional direction indicators: positioned in the external rear view mirrors, the direction indicators more clearly inform other vehicles that the driver is about to turn or change lanes (standard);
Self-lowering of the side mirrors (in reverse): system that automatically lowers the side mirrors to give the driver better visibility of the ground, kerbs or other obstacles when reverse gear is engaged (standard for Platinum and Executive);
Electric sunshade: automatic sun shield to reduce the heat inside the passenger compartment and increase passenger privacy. This sunshade automatically lowers in reverse to provide maximum rear visibility (standard for Platinum and Executive);
Fuel flap with electronic closing (without cap): makes refuelling operations easier and eliminates any contact with fuel spilling. It also protects against any attempted theft of fuel from the tank and vandalism against the fuel supply system thanks to the electronic closing and internal release using the button (standard);
Emergency internal boot release: phosphorescent release handle that can be activated if an adult or child inadvertently remains trapped in the boot (standard);
Anti-theft system: discourages vandalism and attempted theft, often bringing the insurance premium down considerably. This system protects the vehicle from attempted theft or unauthorised access by monitoring the door locking switches and the ignition circuit;
Immobilizer Sentry Key®: it uses the remote control inserted in the key that incorporates a transponder with a pre-programmed safety code to switch off the engine after a few seconds, like a theft-deterrent device (standard).
Passive safety
To guarantee the maximum passive safety level, all possible types of accident were examined on the Lancia Thema: front and side impacts, roll-over, pile-up and fire. The various speeds at which impacts may occur, the different types of obstacles and the protection of passengers with different physical characteristics were also taken into consideration. A whole of technical features that makes the Lancia Thema the most advanced state-of-the-art vehicle as far as passive safety systems are concerned resulted from the in-depth evaluation of all these parameters.
Advanced multistage airbags: they open with more or less force, depending on the seriousness of the impact. The new airbag design of the airbag for the Lancia Thema's driver includes restraint devices that shape the airbag to reduce the force of impact and chest injuries of the occupants. The passenger's airbag is designed to open at a varying speed according to the position of the occupants (standard);
Side window airbags: extensive protection of all the passengers sitting on the front and rear seats. Every side airbag is equipped with its own impact sensor for independent activation on the impact side. The side window airbag is housed in the roof lining, above the side windows (standard);
Knee airbags: housed underneath the instrument panel, the knee airbag opens when the airbag on the driver's side opens, and it was specifically designed to correctly position the occupant during a collision and offer greater protection of the legs (standard);
Pelvis and chest airbags installed on the seat: these increase the safety of driver and passenger on the driver's side in some types of impact. Every side airbag is equipped with its own impact sensor for independent activation on the impact side. The standard side airbags are fitted on the external side of each front seat (standard);
Reactive head restraints: they activate in the event of a rear impact. The headrests are designed to reduce personal injury by decreasing the distance between the headrest and the passenger's head (standard);
Headrest: a rear passenger headrest for all seat positions is also present (standard);
3-point seatbelts: all the external front seat positions and rear seat positions are equipped with seatbelts for pelvis and shoulders (standard);
Height-adjustable seatbelts: these allow the front passengers to raise or lower the upper seatbelt part. This system stimulates seatbelt use by ensuring greater comfort (standard);
Seatbelt pretensioners: the impact sensors activate the pretensioners of the front seats in the case of impact. These latter correctly tighten the seatbelts, in this way reducing the forward freedom of movement of the occupant's head and chest (standard);
Constant Force Restraint (CFR): this device checks the degree of force applied by the seatbelt on the occupant and then gradually releases the seat belt in controlled way (standard);
Occupant Retaining Controller (ORC): it detects an impact and determines if the impact is strong enough to require the airbag to open and if it is sufficient to activate only the first phase of inflation or if the second is also required. In addition, the controller detects the side impacts and determines whether or not to activate the window airbags fixed to the bars and the side airbags built into the seats (chest protection). The controller also manages the seatbelt pretensioners of the front seats (standard);
Active Pedestrian Protection: in the event of accidental impact, the system "lifts" the rear of the bonnet to protect the pedestrian (standard);
Enhanced Accident Response System (EARS): it facilitates intervention of first response personnel after an accident by switching on the interior lights, making the emergency lights flash and unlocking the doors of the Thema after the airbags open. It also interrupts the flow of petrol going to the engine (standard);
Door protection bars: for protecting the passengers in the event of a side impact (standard);
Child seat anchoring system (ISOFIX): the system is designed to simplify the assembly of the compatible child seats (standard);
Controlled crumple zones: these are zones designed to crumple in the case of accident in order to absorb the energy of the impact and reduce its transfer to the passengers (standard)
Energy absorbing steering wheel column: the steering wheel column with manual adjustment uses two coaxial ducts made with hydroforming able to execute reciprocal movements to allow the column to advance and absorb more energy during an impact. The new electric steering wheel column uses a calibrated bent element that deforms during steering wheel column movement and ensures optimum management of the energy;
Safety cage structure: this protects the occupants by managing and controlling the energy in the case of impact (standard).
Architecture: American comfort and European handling
Well-being on board means surrounding the driver and passengers with technologies that ensure their highest level of acoustic and climatic comfort. The need to turn the interior into a cocooned and encircling living room stems from this goal. In fact, in addition to the care and craftsmanship quality of the materials, the new Thema's interior stands out for its level of quiet, which is one of the best in the class. This is the result of special attention dedicated during the design stage to improve the soundproofing of the passenger compartment by using cutting-edge technologies and a wide use of ultra resistant steels and composite materials.
The Lancia Thema is also top of its class in terms of driving comfort, handling, steering response and efficiency of the electrohydraulic power assisted steering. In the same way the exceptional structural rigidity, the architecture of the suspensions and the high performance braking system ensure a smooth drive while the dynamic manoeuvrability features prove to be unaltered.
All of the new construction innovations of the model that significantly contribute to turning even the simplest daily commute into a travel experience follow. That is because a "great trip" is not just leaving and arriving, but is instead a continuous string of emotions.
Structural rigidity and quiet
The new Thema is distinguished by advanced steels, elements in nylon composite material and a new architecture of the segment E with second-generation rear-wheel drive for the best in terms of refinement and manageability. Thanks to its excellent torsion strength, the Thema is compact and rigid, and conveys a feeling of great confidence and control. To ensure an exceptional continuity in terms of rigidity on the front and rear sides, the Lancia Thema's rear structure has been reinforced 26% more than models built on the previous platform.
The new Thema is distinguished by one of the best levels of quiet in segment E. By maximising the innovative, ultra-rigid structural design, the engineers were able to increase the quietness of the passenger compartment (as well as to reduce the noise level), and insulate the engine and remove every rustle and noise caused by travelling along the road. The monocoque of the new Lancia flagship boasts improvements in terms of materials and structural engineering, as demonstrated by the two underbody panels in composite material of more than 2.3 metres. The two-panel acoustic windscreen, laminated windows, noise absorbing panels in the passenger compartment and in the cavities of the wheel arches and the rounded door structure with triple seals ensure excellent absorption of road noise and an optimum soundproofing of the passenger compartment.
Latest generation high resistance steels
Thanks to the widespread use of high resistance steels, composite materials and advanced computer-simulated collisions, the new Thema is competitive from all points of view in terms of passive safety, in addition to compliance with the regulations and evaluations of various international bodies.
In detail, more than 67% of the underbody structure and 53% of the structure of the upper part of the body is pressed and built with high resistance steels and advanced high resistance steels. The strategic use of advanced steels in the Lancia Thema inspires confidence in high performance driving and contributes to exceptional driving dynamics to offer passengers greater protection. Specifically, the use of high resistance steel is found in the central tunnel, in the body side, in the front wheel arch structures and in the bars of the vehicle. On the other hand, thanks to a tensile strength about twice as high than high resistance steel, advanced high resistance steel is used to build the critical areas of the body demanding greater structural rigidity, such as the cross members of the seats and the upper rear area crosswise behind the back seats, which ensure greater transversal rigidity.
Contributing to its excellent structural strength is hot-pressed ultra-strong steel. It is used for the front pillars, the doors on the body side, the upper section of the front rails and the windscreen channel of the new Thema. Furthermore, thanks to the tensile strength of advanced high resistance steel with finer and lighter applications, the engineers were able to use ultra-resistant steel to reduce the thickness of the pillars and doors without interrupting its classic silhouette. As a result, overall external visibility is significant, also because of the positioning of the windscreen channel, retracted by 7.6 cm.
Having double the strength as that of high resistance steel with maximum energy absorption during an impact, dual-phase steel lets the new Thema compete with the best cars in the world in terms of crash test results. The lightweight and thin dual-phase steel is designed for building the interior of the front bars and the engine compartment area to achieve optimum protection for the car's passengers.
The upper monocoque structure of the Lancia Thema is built in advanced TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) steel. TRIP steel allows a thinner and lighter weight steel to be used for the areas of the B pillar, the lower part of the head and the rocker arms. Reinforcements in composite nylon material have also been integrated in the new Lancia flagship's cavities of the upper part of the upper head and in the A and B pillars to provide greater protection of the passengers in case of impact.
Lastly, laser welding has improved the sculpted body of the Thema in terms of both appearance and aerodynamics. This particular construction technology made it possible to build a single body, without interruptions with the roof panel and the sections of the regular bars.
Architecture and calibration of the second-generation suspensions
The new Thema features front and rear suspension geometries redesigned to ensure exceptional handling, while the new high quality suspension elements make it absolutely unique.
The essence of the Thema's new suspension design lies in lightweight front and rear suspension cradles that breathe life into an ultra rigid assembly, a necessary ingredient in order to guarantee outstanding precision and performance. The new front single tube shock absorbers, the new springs and an unprecedented position of the shock absorber and front suspension mounting also contribute to the optimum control, driving and comfort ratings. All rolled into one, these elements improve handling, which consequently increase lifetime and reduce roughness. In addition, the new high quality hydraulic bushes in the front suspensions limit roughness while driving to prolong the characteristics of even braking.
In the rear of the Lancia Thema, the design of the rear suspensions with five anchoring points is distinguished by roll steer geometry, which provides independent control of the movement of the suspensions (camber and toe-in) so that handling is extraordinary. The new single tube shock absorbers and new springs make driving more polished as handling and dynamics are improved. The high quality urethane compression bumpers and suspension anchoring with rubber bushes for the shock absorbers help the rear suspensions of the saloon to make the passenger compartment quieter. Lastly, the new upper and lower dampers for the seat springs provide greater attenuation of the vibrations so that passengers are more comfortable when travelling over bumpy roads.
The new Thema's road holding is remarkable thanks to the new geometries of the front and rear cambers. Set on -1° in front and on -1.75° in back, the Lancia flagship has improved performance when cornering since the tyres tilt inwards in the upper part in relation to the body. Last but not least, the new large-diameter front and rear anti-roll bars make the chassis agile when cornering, with the body tipping less.
The suspensions of the new Thema ensure performance worthy of a Gran Turismo, as one might expect from the great European saloon cars, making the experience of driving the Lancia flagship one of the best in the world. With the two set-ups of the suspensions and the wheel/tyre combinations available (from 18" to 20"), the new Lancia vehicle ensures great handling and optimum driving comfort.
Two suspension set-ups and wheel/tyre combinations are available: "Comfort" (standard on the Gold and Platinum trim levels with 18" wheels and tyres) and "Touring" (standard on the Executive trim level with 20" wheels and tyres and, on request, on the Platinum trim level if fitted with 20" wheels and tyres).
Electro-hydraulic power steering (EHPS) to get precise and controlled steering
What gives the driver of the new Thema a new road holding capability is the new (Electro Hydraulic Power Steering) system, which guarantees precise perception of the road, improves steering alignment and reduces steering noise and fuel consumption.
Depending on the control mode, the EHPS system applies a steering effort that varies with the different driving conditions. The ENPS analyses the steering angle, vehicle speed, engine speed and the chassis control systems 13 times a second to provide an accurate sensation of the vehicle's handling and performance. When the Thema is stopped or travels at low speeds, the hydraulic pump increases the power steering to reduce steering effort. The pump reduces the power steering at higher speeds, giving the Lancia Thema a feeling of greater solidity and, as a consequence, the system guarantees fuel consumption cut up to 1.5% and lower energy consumption than a belt pump.
To get an even higher feeling of precision and control, the new Thema Executive with Touring set-up suspensions ensures 25% faster steering and 20% greater steering alignment.
Maximum stopping power
The new Thema is equipped with a powerful braking system that guarantees performance and sensations at the top of its category. In detail, the system offers:
  • highly balanced brake linings designed to provide an even and regular braking sensation, guaranteeing long life and performance;
  • new brake servo;
  • high performance brake linings with fading effect resistance and an exceptional feeling of the pedal;
  • brake callipers with elevated retraction that reduce parasitic friction with vibration dampening springs to achieve higher efficiency;
  • compensation of the hydraulic pressure that automatically perceives every fault in terms of vacuum in the brake servo or in the relevant brake linings. This latter system intervenes if a pipe brakes by activating the ABS pump to the maximum and allowing the brakes to operate as usual until the system is repaired.
Completing the Lancia Thema braking system are the Ready Alert Braking and Rain Brake Support systems. The first, a Thema exclusive in its class, is able to automatically perceive the accelerator's release by the driver. It slightly increases the braking pressure (not enough to slow down the vehicle) to ensure that the brake pads and discs are properly aligned in view of emergency braking. Rain Brake Support on the other hand goes into operation when the system windscreen wipers come on and automatically applies a braking pressure pulse (not enough to slow down the vehicle), removing water from the brake pads.
Technology: connectivity and entertainment
Thanks to the innovative Uconnect® Touch - the infotainment system with the biggest touchscreen of its class - the new Lancia Thema has latest generation infotainment functions that integrate information in real time, multimedia entertainment, portable mobile devices, voice commands and personalised settings to make every journey safe and fun, regardless of the destination.
New Uconnect Touch 8.4 and 8.4N system and the biggest touch-screen of the class
Researched to enrich the driving experience and perfectly integrated in the design of the new Lancia Thema, the innovative Uconnect Touch 8.4 includes an 8.4" QVGA touchscreen, Uconnect system with voice commands and Bluetooth®, SD card reader (compatible with music files in MP3/WMA format), USB port with iPod® command, DVD, single DVD player with exclusive reading of the MP3/WMA formats, automatic dual zone climate control commands and AM/FM radio.
Standard on the entire range, the system is complete with an 8.4-inch touchscreen where all of the information necessary for driving and comfort on board is clearly and immediately displayed. And again with maximum safety and ease of use in mind, both audio and connectivity controls located on the spokes of the steering wheel and an innovative voice-activated hands-free device are available. In detail, this latter feature - called Uconnect Voice Command with Bluetooth® - lets the driver manage a Bluetooth compatible phone while keeping his hands on the steering wheel and without taking his eyes off the road. The phonebook is automatically downloaded and up to 1,000 items are synchronised the first time the Bluetooth® mobile phone is connected. Afterwards, they can be selected by simply saying the corresponding name. Using voice commands, the driver can also select one of the available radio modes and tune AM/FM stations in a totally natural way and with utmost freedom of movement.
Completing the functions of the Uconnect Touch 8.4 system is the handy USB port with iPod® control. Situated under the armrest of the central console, this multimedia input lets the driver control an iPod or another mobile peripheral device using the Uconnect Touch system and the audio controls on the steering wheel. The USB port also makes it possible to recharge any USB-supplied device in addition to playing and checking audio files in MP3 and WMA format saved on a USB pen drive.
The Uconnect Touch 8.4N is offered as standard on the Platinum and Executive, on request on the Gold trim levels. Added to the functions described above is the Garmin® navigation system with more than six million points of interest. The big 8.4" touchscreen provides driver and passengers with detailed instructions and simplified visual signals while the vehicle is travelling, in addition to an extensive database of points of interest that makes it easy to find restaurants, stores, hospitals and other destinations in the vicinity.
Alpine® Premium audio systems
The new Lancia Thema offers three high-fidelity audio systems among other things featuring high quality Alpine and Harman Kardon® speakers and amplifiers.
Supplied standard on the Gold and Platinum trim levels, the first premium system with six speakers has a six-channel amplifier with 276 W of power, two 3.5" speakers located in the instrument panel, two 6 x 9" speakers set inside the front doors, and two 6 x 9" speakers positioned in the parcel shelf.
The second Alpine Premium hi-fi system with nine speakers and subwoofer, standard on the Executive trim level and optional on the Platinum, has a 12-channel amplifier with 506 W of power, digital signal processing (DSP) with 7.1 audio surround, three 3.5" speakers in the instrument panel; two 6 x 9" speakers set inside the front doors, two 3.5" speakers positioned in the rear doors, and an 8" subwoofer set in the centre of the parcel shelf.
Also available upon request on the Executive trim level is a Harmon Kardon® sound system complete with 19 speakers plus subwoofer, supplying a total of 900 W of amplification. The sophisticated high-fidelity audio device consists of an 11-channel system with 900 W of power, six 3.5" speakers positioned in the instrument panel, two 6 x 9" speakers set inside the front doors, four 3.5" speakers placed in the rear doors, two 6 x 9" speakers set in the parcel shelf of the vehicle, four 3.5" speakers placed in the parcel shelf of the vehicle, a 10" subwoofer positioned in the centre of the parcel shelf and a 12-channel Harman Kardon® amplifier.
Services: exclusivity and accessibility
In placing his trust in a car manufacturer - whichever one it is - the customer asks to be satisfied at best. But when he turns to Lancia, he does not settle for that. One wants much more than that from a brand with a great tradition, one that has written so many important pages in automotive history while remaining faithful to its values of exclusivity and distinction: he expects to be pampered.
That is why the direct relationship between dealer and customer plays a primary role at all times, before the purchase, upon final delivery and during after-sales service. It is there that it is necessary to meet all the needs of someone used to receiving accurate and precise answers. It is only in this way that someone who buys a Lancia Thema will feel like a special, satisfied customer and will be won over by a truly unique and exclusive treatment.
For that customer the brand has come up with a programme that exceeds normal expectations and offers brand new services also for customers of the flagships. This is how "Top Care Thema" was created. It is an exclusive programme that follows the private customers of the major European markets throughout the first year. A dedicated team contacts them right after delivery and then again after four and twelve months to collect impressions and offer helpful hints and support. It will be the same preferential channel to which all Top assistance on the advanced functions of the Thema can be requested, even at home and as one requires.
FGA Capital - a finance company specialising in the automotive sector - is offering financial solutions ideal for demanding customers for the commercial launch of the Lancia Thema. Starting with leasing, the formula dedicated to freelancers, self-employed workers and entrepreneurs that allows them to use the car without tying up capital. You can choose the contract duration and the amount of the first instalment, and also enjoy a highly flexible final redemption value. Particularly suitable for "professional customers", this formula is even more appealing thanks to the new Extended Warranty to accommodate the specific needs of mobility of this category distinguished by a frequent use of the car, and therefore by high mileage. Marketed in the main European markets during the next few months, what's exciting about the new Extended Warranty is duration up to 96 months, the unlimited mileage and the contents: practically complete coverage for the vehicle components. What's more, you will even receive the same level of coverage for the entire duration of your loan, a distinctive feature on the market.
In some markets (Italy, UK, France, Spain and Netherlands), long-term hire is available. It is the answer best suited to the needs of both the "single entrepreneur" and small-medium companies (fleets) because it represents the most complete offer for those who work and for those who need to benefit from using the car, cancelling the tax costs and reducing those regarding the hassle of bureaucracy and administration. In addition, this solution guarantees the availability of an always new and efficient "vehicle fleet" thanks to the service included in the instalment.
Moreover, aware of the fact that special customers deserve exclusive services, FGA Capital and Lancia have conceived "Ypsilon Tender to Thema", an original offer for managers of those companies that choose the Thema as their official car. In detail, these special customers can benefit from a new Lancia Ypsilon free of charge for 12 months. The exclusive "Ypsilon Tender to Thema" takes its cue from the world of boating. Every prestigious yacht has its own tender, a small and practical boat used for easily reaching coves and beaches otherwise inaccessible. In the very same way the new Ypsilon has become the tender of the Lancia Thema flagship, a fashion city car that meets all mobility needs while maintaining all of the comfort and attention to detail that are classical hallmarks of the Lancia brand.
Finally, it is always possible to combine all the financial products with the usual car insurance services, such as GAP, Fire&Theft and Comprehensive and so on for credit protection. All are absolutely integrable in the finance plan chosen and are offered at a discounted rate with respect to the current market conditions.